John Augustus

What state was first to authorize the appointment of a paid probation officer?

The number of people on probation has done what since 1980?

According to a 1999 study, what percent of adults leaving probation were successful?

Presentence investigations

Advantage of intermediate sanctions?

Electronic monitoring devices

CH 15

When did the concept of incarcerating convicted offenders as a form of punishment become the norm for corrections?

Why did the English begin using hulks and barges as prisons?

The first American jail was built in which city?

The “modern” American correctional system had its origin in what state?

The Walnut Street Jail

Which prison system was known as the congregate system?

The Auburn system

The Pennsylvania system

Which early prison system eventually prevailed and spread throughout the United States?

The purposes of jails

Features/differences/ and examples of:

Maximum security prisons

Medium security prisons

Minimum security prisons

Truth in sentencing laws (% of sentence)

The current growth of the prison population is generally linked to:

Public concern over which crime has helped pave the way for tougher sentencing?

The total institution

Currently in the United States, there are over __________ people in the Correctional system.

What is the slang term for the black market, hidden economy of the prison?

The female inmate subculture differs from the prison subculture among males in that:

If an inmate turns to correctional officers for help and protection, they maybe labeled:

Prisonization

What factor is said to have led to the “new” inmate culture?

% increase due to incarceration binge

_____ states restrict the right to vote among felons.  ______ states allow for the restoration of these rights.

CH 17 (JUVE JST):

Parens Patrie

Poor laws and chancery courts

Waiver of jurisdiction

MOVIE QUESTIONS:

In the video Angola: The Farm, it was noted that the average inmate doesn’t get any visitors after ___ years of imprisonment.

In the video Angola: The Farm, how many of the inmates profiled had been released by the close of the film (Bones doesn’t count, especially since he was buried on prison grounds)

UNIT 2 MATERIALS

Police Discretion:

            DEF

            The factor’s discussed that influence the use of police discretion

The blue curtain

Officer style:

            the crime fighter

            the social agent

            the law enforcer

            the watchman

Judicial selection plans

Adversarial/court room work group

Approximately _____ percent of misdemeanors and ___ percent of felonies are resolved without a court case.

Criminal Court Structure

            Names for each level

            Types of cases/forms of punishment

What is the state court of last resort generally called?

There are how many tiers in the Federal court system?

There are how many justices on the U.S. Supreme Court?

A writ of certiorari

The prosecutor’s title, such as district attorney or U.S. attorney, depends on what?

Nollo Contendere

Prosecutorial discretion is used to do what?

Common reason prosecutors reject cases

The Harmless error doctrine

Which amendment is the basis for providing counsel to the indigent offender?

Landmark cases with regards to indigent defense (FROM NOTES AND TEXT)

Powell v. Alabama; Argersinger v. Hamlin; Gideon v. Wainwright; In re Gault

Different forms of the indigent defense system

Benefits/problems of plea bargains?

Comparing the success of public versus private defense attorneys:

Jury size

Stages of the court process: Booking, arraignment, etc.

DEF: an indictment and a criminal information

The key issue in determining bail

Types of bail

Voir dire

Types of evidence

Peremptory challenges

Exclusionary law

In the video, The Plea, the criminal justice system is referred to as a:

UNIT 1 MATERIALS

Different types of data: Official, victims surveys, self reports

            Most used form of each

            Characteristics and major criticisms

Different forms of data collection: Survey, cohort data, life history, etc.

UCR:

            Index Crimes

            “Clearing” crimes

            What is measured?  How?

National Crime Victimization Survey

Perspectives on Criminal Justice: Crime control, Rehabilitation, Due process, Restorative justice, Non-interventionist

Sources of criminal law

Chronic offenders: What are they?  Who first advanced this concept?

Age Crime Curve: Age peaks for violent and property crime

Gender and crime: Changing rates

Most reported crimes occur during which season?

The “dark figure of crime”

Procedural and substantive law

Decriminalized and legalized

Why do victims NOT report crimes to the police?

Stare Decisis

Corpus Delecti:

            Mens Rea

            Actus Reus

            The relationship between Mens Rea and Actus Reus

            The three elements of a crime

Different sources of power in the criminal justice system (Legislature, Judiciary, and Executive): What does each do?

How many people are currently under the control of the correctional system?

Common Law

Civil and Criminal Law

            Different types of civil law

Consent as a criminal defense

Insanity defense: Durham rule, Irresistible impulse test, M’ Naghten Rule, Substantial capacity, Current Federal law

The 4^th, 5^th, 6^th, 8^th, and 14^th Amendments

What is the purpose of police patrols?

Results of KC patrol experiment

Different types of patrol

Community Oriented Policing

            How does it work?

            What is its purpose?

            What is effective community policing?

            History of Community Oriented Policing