Principles of Sociology – SOCL 201

FINAL EXAM REVIEW

UNIT 3 QUESTIONS:

Examples/types of authority

Berger suggests that ________ is the ultimate foundation of any political state.

Types of democracy

Pluralism

Power elite

The three conditions identified by Nicholas Timasheff that is essential to incite war

The first noticeable conditions of social inequality occurred in human societies when:

Forms of capitalism

The theorist who contended that an item's value is based on the work that has gone into it, and the only way that a profit can be made is to pay workers less than the value of their work was:

The primary criticisms of socialism and capitalism

Systems of descent

Functionalists argue that the incest taboo is a nearly universal norm because it:

Second shift

Marital homogamy

There are approximately ________ million married couples in the United States, of which________ million are mixed marriages.

Marriage squeeze

The primary source of strain in the typical one-parent family is

Sociologists Blumstein and Schwartz found that same-sex couples faced the same problems that heterosexual couples did but they were:

Serial fatherhood

When it comes to injuries incurred during battering:

Credential society

Manifest and latent functions of the American education system

According to conflict theorists, the hidden curriculum perpetuates ________.

Durkheim referred to any group of people united by their religious practices as an

Rituals

Cosmology

The phrase, "Religion is the sigh of the oppressed....the opium of the people," can be credited to

Protestant ethic

Sunday morning between ten and eleven has been called "the most segregated hour in the United States." The reason for this segregation is that people:

Modernization

Geopolitics is the realignment of national-regional powers that occurred after:

An important threat to global control by the G8, the group of nations that decide world policy, is the:

Multilinear & unilinear evolutionary theories of societies

According to historian Arnold Toynbee, all civilizations

According to Marx, human history shows that struggle develops between the thesis and its antithesis, leading to a synthesis. Marx called this historical change a ________.

All societies use technology, but the chief characteristic of postmodern societies is technology that increases our ability to:

Sociologist Mayer Zald suggests that during some periods of time there are very few social movements in a society and, at other times, a wave of social movements will emerge. He suggests that the number of social movements increases:

Different types of social movements

Acid rain

Global warming

According to the text, there is no energy shortage now or will there ever be as fossil fuels are not the only source of energy available. Conflict theorists argue that these abundant alternative energy sources are not used because they:

Eosabotage

With the rain forests disappearing rapidly, it is believed that:

UNIT 2 QUESTIONS

Social stratification

Slavery in ancient Greece and Rome

India's caste system

Ascribed & achieved statuses

Social class according to Marx

False consciousness

Social class according to Weber

Ideology versus force as a means to maintain stratification

In democracies, the ruling elite use two methods to control information. These two methods include:

The three-world model

Global stratification

Core nations

Semiperiphery nations

Periphery nations

External areas

Wealth and income

Income inequality in the United States over the past 60 years

Democratic façade

Power elite

Erik Wright’s revision of Marx's concept of social classes

The social class most shaped by education is the:

The upward or downward movement in social class by family members from one generation to the next describes ________ mobility.

The working poor and underclass together account for approximately ________ of the U.S. population.

Numerically, most of the poor in the United States are

Feminization of poverty

The meaning of race

Minority groups and dominant groups

Ethnic work

Prejudice and discrimination

Individual discrimination

Institutional discrimination

Selective perception

Reserve labor force and split labor market

Colonization

Segregation

Internal colonialism

Assimilation

Genocide

Forced assimilation

Rosa Parks

The greatest number of Latinos in the United States trace their heritage to ________.

William Julius Wilson argues that ________ has become the most significant factor in the lives of African Americans in today's U.S. society.

The difference in the half-million Cubans who fled Castro's rise to power in 1959 and the 100,000 "boat people" who fled Cuba in 1980 was the:

Of all ethnic groups, ________ children are the most likely to grow up with two parents and the least likely to be born to a single mother.

Of all the minority groups in the United States, ________ are the worst off in terms suicide.

Gender differences in behavior between men and women

Female circumcision is a custom in some societies. Feminists believe that this practice is:

Women as a minority group

Frederick Engels proposed that patriarchy developed in conjunction with:

The first wave of the feminism

The second wave of feminism

The normal male and female chromosome configurations

The "glass ceiling"

Sexual harassment

The life expectancy of men born in the year 2010 is approximately ________ and the life expectancy of women born that year is approximately ________.

How do symbolic interactionists believe that the social value of the elderly in America changed when the economy shifted from being based on agriculture to industry?

Because the first of the baby boom generation have now turned 50, how will this translate into how members of society view the elderly and why?

In the video, “Who Killed the Electric Car,” what is the name of the main vehicle featured?

 In the video, “Who Killed the Electric Car” who was the main auto manufacturer profiled?

UNIT 1 QUESTIONS:

Concepts:

Social Darwinism

Positivism

Values

Norms

Mores

Taboos

Culture (Material and non-material)

Sanctions (Positive and negative)

Gestures

Subculture

Counterculture

Total Institutions

Social Institutions

Status (Ascribed and Achieved)

Role

Groups (Primary and Secondary)

In-group and out-group

Cliques

Reference groups

The iron law of oligarchy

Bureaucracies

Bureaucratic red tape

Bureaucratic alienation

People:

Harriet Martineau

Jane Addams

W. E. B. DuBois

George Herbert Mead

Talcott Parsons

Charles Horton Cooley

Karl Marx

W.I. Thomas

Ernest Burgess

Auguste Comte

Herbert Spencer

Theories:

Conflict theory

Structural functionalism

Symbolic interactionism

According to sociologists our thinking and motivation are largely determined by_____

Development of sociology as a science was influenced by______

The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

William Ogburn and culture

Studies of isolated and institutionalized children reveal….

Charles Horton Cooley’s Looking Glass Self

Mead's Theory of Role Taking

            3 Stages (Imitation, Play, and Games)

I and Me (Subject and Object)

Freud:

Id

Ego

Superego

Gender socialization

As we proceed on our life course, the events we experience are largely influenced by (See beginning of CH 4)

The two sociological perspectives that focus on the broader picture or the macrosociological approach, are_____

History of Society:

Eras –

Hunting and gathering

Pastoral and horticultural society

Agricultural society

Industrial society

Post-Industrial

Relationship between specific technologies and advances to new eras of society

The issue of social inequality first became a fundamental feature of social life in the ________ society.

George Ritzer maintains that the organizational features of the fast food industry have

gradually seeped into many aspects of human social life. He describes this process as___

Characteristics of bureaucracies

With respect to group size, Georg Simmel noted that:

READINGS:

In the reading “Invitation to Sociology,” the fascination of sociology lies in the fact that its perspective makes us:

In the reading “Anybody’s Son will Do,” the most important thing that happens during the first three days of basic training is _________________.

In the reading “Job on the Line,” which United States president signed the North American Free Trade Agreement?

In the reading “The Poor Pay All,” the author notes that Sociologists have focused their research on the poor for many reasons.Which among the following is NOT one of those reasons?

In the reading “The Invisible Man,” what was the name of the servants’ quarters at the country club where most of the Hispanic busmen lived?

In the reading “The Power Elite,” which of the following are a part of C. Wright Mills “Big 3?”

In the reading “Social Class and Childrearing,” what strategy of childrearing is emphasized by white and black working class parents?

In the reading “Still Separate, Still Unequal,” what is the most common method of funding public schools in the United States?

In the reading “Border Blues: The Dilemma of Illegal Immigration,” A demographic shift that is having a major impact on the United States is

migration from which of the following countries?

In the reading “The McDonaldization of Society,” which term represents the choice of the optimum means to a given end?

In the reading “The McDonaldization of Society,” the key to the salvation of the kitchen was the development and widespread adoption of the _________________.

In the reading “Hooking Up on the Internet,” the authors trace the actual beginning of the sexual revolution to which invention?