Answer Key: ENGL 320H Test 1

Part 1

  1. But nowadays….Malory, Le Morte Darthur, 1471. Keys: contrast between old love and nowadays, between courtly love and lust.
  2. In the name of God…Béroul, The Romance of Tristan, last quarter of the 12th century. Cues: crude humor, leper, letter-of-law lie, King Mark
  3. He was willing…Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot or the Knight of the Cart, between 1159 & 1181. Cues: exaggerated courtly love behavior
  4. He will not speak of this….Geoffrey of Monmouth, History of the Kings of Britain, c. 1138. Cues: mentions an older British Book (auctoritee), Walter of Oxford, currying favor with "my lord duke", first to talk about Arthur as a medieval king with imperial battles.
  5. Anonymous, The Alliterative Morte Arthure, c. 1400. Cues: Alliteration, Mordred lamenting Gawain, humanizes Mordred
  6. Anonymous (or the Pearl-poet or the Gawain-poet), Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, last quarter of 14th century. Cues: The lady talking about Gawain’s presumed reputation as a lover.
  7. I also saw Wenhaver….Layamon, Brut, between 1189 & 1204. Cues: dream of destruction, names spelled in the French manner ( Wenhaver, Walwain), poetry
  8. He strapped on his sword Excalibur…. Wace, Roman de Brut, 1155. Cues: use of proper names for sword, shield, & spear; image of our Lady is on his shield, not his shoulder. Prose.
  9. He recognized her…Marie de France, Lanval, c. 1170. Cues: Verse, octosyllabic, Lady gets him to make a rash promise.
  10. Then Arthur fought….Nennius, Historia Brittonum or History of the Britons, c. 800. Cues: names the battles, first to use name "Arthur," image of Virgin Mary on shoulder, Arthur as "leader of battles", not king.

Part 2
  1. Tintagel or South Cadbury or Cadbury Castle
  2. courtly love or amour courtois
  3. Kay, Cei
  4. Chrétien de Troyes, Erec et Enide. You got one point if you named Chrétien even if you got the work wrong.
  5. Y Goddodin, c. 660: "He glutted black ravens on the ramparts, though he was no Arthur." You got one point if you said Nennius, who is the first Latin chronicler to mention him.
  6. British Library Cotton Nero A.x.
  7. The Winchester Manuscript, discovered by Walter Oakeshott
  8. Andreas de Capellanus, a/k/a Andrew the Chaplain
  9. Anna or Morgawse. You got one point for Morgan le Fay, though she’s not named as his sister until the second generation of chronicles.
  10. lais