MODERN JAPAN
INAS 425.11087, HIST 350H.11513, HIST 550.????
fall 1993
MW 6:30-7:45, KIN 204
Prof. Ed Haynes
History Department, 346 Bancroft,
323-4682, 323-2173
Office Hours: ????,
and by appointment
This course will address the "modern" period of Japanese history, that is since about 1600. The focus of the course will be on the rise and establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate, the economic, social, and political nature of the Tokugawa regime, the breakdown of this "Tokugawa synthesis" under external pressures, the development of a new Japanese national ethic that culminated in the Meiji restoration, the redefinition of Japanese society in the Meiji and Taisho periods, the rise of Japan as an Asian and global power, the definition and manifestation of a new aggressive nationalism, both domestically and internationally, the growth of "fascist" politics in Japan, the China War and Great Pacific War, the reformulation of Japan during the American occupation, the economic miracle of late-Showa Japan, and the political and economic prospects of the Heisei period, especially in the face of growing "Japan Bashing" by the declining Western industrial powers.
TEXTS:
These are available for purchase in the campus bookstore and the Bookworm. All students must purchase Hane and are strongly advised to purchase the other books as well. When available, they will be on reserve in the library. There are additional (Xeroxed) readings, available at Franklin's Printing on Cherry Road (call 366-7666 to get a copy made and you really will need your own copy). Everyone must read everything!
A version of this syllsbus is also available on-line as http://haynese.winthrop.edu/syll/japsyll.html and you are encourage dto consult this (frequently?), as it contains many valuable links. For further information on using/citing the World Wide Web, see the excellent citation guide from East Tennessee State University.
COURSE REQUIREMENTS:
The requirements of the course are as follows:
Attendance policy: Winthrop University has an attendance policy. Unless stated otherwise by the professor, the policy published in the catalogue prevails. I have another policy. My policy is that you are all adults and have the right to make decisions about your lives. I shall not take roll, but be informed and warned that you will miss classes at your very real peril!
All papers must be typed, double-spaced, with ample margins for comments (but, please, don't get silly about this last part!). I shall gladly (?) read, review, comment on, and mark up preliminary drafts if you get them to me early. Any late papers will be accepted, but will be rigorously penalized at a rate of five points (half a letter grade) per CALENDAR DAY that they are late.
A NOTE FOR HONORS STUDENTS AND GRADUATE STUDENTS: There are also a number of students taking this course for in-class, "contracted," honors credit and we have a few graduate students among us. Check with the instructor at the end of the first class meeting to obtain additional information pertaining to your "special status."
A NOTE ON NAMES AND TRANSLITERATIONS:
SCHEDULE OF CLASSES AND READINGS:
Wednesday, 25 August -- Introduction to the Course, to Japan, and to Japanese Culture
Monday, 30 August -- The Background to Tokugawa Japan
Wednesday, 1 September -- The Tokugawa Shogunate
Hane, Modern Japan, pp. 23-31
Recommended:
* Harold Bolito, Treasures among Men: The Fudai Daimyo in Tokugawa Japan (New Haven, 1974)
David Magarey Earl, Emperor and Nation in Japan: Political Thinkers of the Tokugawa Period (Seattle, 1964)
* John W. Hall and Marius B. Jansen, eds., Studies in the Institutional History of Early Modern Japan (Princeton, 1968)
Yamamoto Tsunemoto, Hagakure: The Book of the Samurai, tr. William Scott Wilson (Tokyo, 1979)
Monday, 6 September -- Social, Economic, and Religious Change in the Tokugawa Era
Sources of Japanese Tradition, 2:1-46
Harumi Befu, "Village Autonomy and Articulation with the State: The Case of Tokugawa Japan," Journal of Asian Studies 25 (November 1965): 19-32
Ray A. Moore, "Adoption and Samurai Mobility in Tokugawa Japan," Journal of Asian Studies 29 (May 1970): 617-32
Map Quiz
Recommended:
* Robert Bellah, Tokugawa Religion: The Cultural Roots of Modern Japan (New York, 1985)
* Hugh Borton, Peasant Uprisings in Japan of the Tokugawa Period, 2nd ed. (New York, 1968)
Susan B. Hanley and Kozo Yamamura, Economic and Demographic Change in Preindustrial Japan, 1600-1868 (Princeton, 1977)
Ann Bowman Jannetta, Epidemics and Mortality in Early Modern Japan (Princeton, 1987)
Cecelia Segawa Seigle, Yoshiwara: The Glittering World of the Japanese Courtesan (Honolulu, 1993)
* Thomas C. Smith, The Agrarian Origins of Modern Japan (Stanford, 1959)
Kozo Yamamura, A Study of Samurai Income and Entrepreneurship: Quantitative Analyses of Economic and Social Aspects of Samurai in Tokugawa and Meiji Japan (Cambridge, 1974)
Wednesday, 8 Septmeber -- Decline and Collapse of the Tokugawa System
Sources of Japanese Tradition, 2:47-83
Ronald P. Dore, "Talent and the Social Order in Tokugawa Japan," Past and Present ??? (???? 1962): ???-??
Recommended:
Donald Keene, The Japanese Discovery of Europe: Honda Toshiaki and Other Discoverers, 1720-1798 (London, 1952)
* H. D. Harootunian, Toward Restoration: The Growth of Political Consciousness in Tokugawa Japan (Berkeley, 1970)
J. Victor Koschmann, The Mito Ideology: Discourse, Reform and Insurrection in Late Tokugawa Japan, 1790-1864 (Berkeley, 1987)
* Thomas C. Smith, Nakahara: Family Farming and Population in a Japanese Village, 1717-1830 (Stanford, 1977)
Conrad Totman, The Collapse of the Tokugawa, 1862-1868 (Honolulu, 1980)
Monday, 13 September -- The European Invasion
Sources of Japanese Tradition, 2:84-130
Recommended:
Herbert Henry Gowen, Five Foreigners in Japan (New York, 1936)
* Noel Perrin, Giving Up the Gun: Japan's Reversion to the Sword, 1543-1879 (Boulder, 1980)
* Fukuzawa Yukichi, The Autobiography of Fukuzawa Yukichi (New York, 1966)
Wednesday, 15 September -- The Meiji Revolution
Sources of Japanese Tradition, 2:131-147
John Whitney Hall, "A Monarch for Modern Japan," in Political Development in Modern Japan, ed. Robert E. Ward, pp. 11-64
Herschell Webb, "The Development of an Orthodox Attitude Toward the Imperial Institution in the Nineteenth Century," in Changing Japanese Attitudes Toward Modernization, ed. Marius B. Jansen, pp. 167-91
Recommended:
Oaul Akamatsu, Meiji, 1868: Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Japan, tr. Miriam Kochan (New York, 1972)
* W. G. Beasley, The Meiji Restoration (Stanford, 1972)
* Albert M. Craig, Choshu in the Meiji Restoration (Cambridge, 1967)
Monday, 20 September -- Political Organization of the Meiji Oligarchy
Sources of Japanese Tradition, 2:131-140 (again)
Roger F. Hackett, "Political Modernization and the Meiji Genro," in Political Development in Modern Japan, ed. Robert E. Ward, pp. 65-97
Recommended:
* Marius B. Jansen, Sakamoto Ryoma and the Meiji Restoration (Stanford, 1971)
Wednesday, 22 September -- The Establishment of Constitutional Government
Sources of Japanese Tradition, 2:137-139 (yet again), 155-172
George Akita, "The Meiji Constitution in Practice: The First Diet," Journal of Asian Studies 22 (November 1962): 31-46
Recommended:
Augustus H. Mounsey, The Satsuma Rebellion: An Episode of Modern Japanese History (London, 1879)
Kichisaburo Nakamura, The Formation of Modern Japan, as Viewed from Legal History (Tokyo, 1964)
Monday, 27 September -- Modernization: Cultural Aspects
Sources of Japanese Tradition, 2:139-140 (yet again)
John M. Rosenfield, "Western Style Painting in the Early Meiji Period and its Critics," in Tradition and Modernization in Japanese Culture, ed. Donald H. Shivley, pp. 181-219
Reaction Paper to Soseki, Kokoro, due
Recommended:
Stephen N. Hay, Asian Ideas of East and West: Tagore and His Critics in Japan, China, and India (Cambridge, 1970)
Wednesday, 29 September -- Modernization: Economic Aspects
Yasuzo Horic, "Modern Entrepreneurship in Meiji Japan," in The State and Economic Enterprise in Japan, ed. William W. Lockwood, pp. 183-208
James I. Nakamura, "Growth of Japanese Agriculture, 1875-1920," in The State and Economic Enterprise in Japan, ed. William W. Lockwood, pp. 249-324
Harry D. Harootunian, "The Economic Rehabilitation of the Samurai in the Early Meiji Period," Journal of Asian Studies 19 (August 1960): 433-44
Recommended:
Monday, 4 October -- Modernization: Institutional Aspects
Sources of Japanese Tradition, 2:172-193
Kiyoaki Tsuji, "Decision-Making in the Japanese Government: A Study of Ringisei," in Political Development in Modern Japan, ed. Robert E. Ward, pp. 457-75
Sidney Devere Brown, "Okubo Toshimichi: His Political and Economic Policies in Early Meiji Japan," Journal of Asian Studies 21 (February 1962): 183-97
Joyce Chapman Lebra, "Okuma Shiyenobu and the 1881 Political Crisis," Journal of Asian Studies 18 (August 1959): 475-87
Recommended:
William Elliot Griffis, The Mikado's Empire, vol. 2 (New York, 1906)
Walter Wallace McLaren, A Political History of Japan in the Meiji Era, 1867-1912 (New York, 1965)
Wednesday, 6 October -- Japan's Overseas Expansion
Sources of Japanese Tradition, 2:147-155
Marius B. Jansen, "Modernization and Foreign Policy in Meiji Japan," in Political Development in Modern Japan, ed. Robert E. Ward, pp. 149-88
Recommended:
Francis Hilary Conroy, The Japanese Seizure of Korea, 1868-1910 (Philadelphia, 1960)
Jeffrey M. Dorwart, The Pigtail War: American Involvement in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 (Amherst, 1975)
Steven Howarth, The Fighting Ships of the Rising Sun: The Drama of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1895-1945 (New York, 1983)
Akira Iriye, Pacific Estrangement: Japanese and American Expansion, 1897-1911 (Cambridge, 1972)
C. I. Eugene Kim and Han-Kyo Kim, Korea and the Politics of Imperialism, 1876-1910 (Berkeley, 1967)
Key-hiuk Kim, The Last Phase of the East Asian World Order: Korea, Japan, and the Chinese Empire, 1860-1882 (Berkeley, 1980)
* Ramon H. Myers and Mark R. Peattie, The Japanese Colonial Empire, 1895-1945 (Princeton, 1984)
Fall Break
Sources of Japanese Tradition, 2:193-210
Recommended:
K. Asakawa, The Russo-Japanese Conflict: Its Causes and Issues (Boston, 1904)
Keiichi Asada [Giichi Ono], Expenditures of the Sino-Japanese War (New York, 1922)
Marius B. Jansen, The Japanese and Sun Yat-sen (Cambridge, 1954)
Munemitsu Mutsu, Kenkenroku: A Diplomatic Record of the Sino-Japanese War, 1894-1895, tr. Gordon Mark Berger (Princeton, 1983)
* Shumpei Okamoto, The Japanese Oligarchy and the Russo-Japanese War (New York, 1970)
David Walder, The Short Victorious War: The Russo-Japanese Conflict, 1904-5 (New York, 1974)
Stanley Washburn, Nogi, A Man Against the Background of a Great War (New York, 1913)
J. N. Westwood, Russia Against Japan, 1904-1905: A New Look at the Russo-Japanese War (Albany, 1986)
Monday, 18 October -- Japan on the Eve of WWI
Nobutaka Ike, "War and Modernization," in Political Development in Modern Japan, ed. Robert E. Ward, pp. 189-211
Jackson H. Bailey,"Prince Saonji and the Popular Rights Movement," Journal of Asian Studies 21 (November 1961): 49-63
Recommended:
William Elliot Griffis, The Mikado, Institution and Person: A Study of the Internal Political Forces of Japan (Princeton, 1915)
Bernard S. Silverman and H. D. Harootunian, eds., Japan in Crisis: Essays on Taisho Democracy (Princeton, 1974)
Wednesday, 20 October -- Mid-Term Exam
Monday, 25 October -- Japan as a World Power
Recommended:
Nobuya Bamba, Japanese Diplomacy in a Dilemma: New Light on Japan's Policy, 1924-1929 (Vancouver, 1972)
Wednesday, 27 October -- Political Change, 1922-1941: Liberalism
Sources of Japanese Tradition, 2:211-251
Robert A. Scalapino, "Elections and Political Modernization in Prewar Japan," in Political Development in Modern Japan, ed. Robert E. Ward, pp. 249-91
Stephen S. Larse, "Nisho Suehiro and the Japanese Social Democratic Movement, 1920-1940," Journal of Asian Studies 36 (November 1976): 37-56
Recommended:
Monday, 1 November -- Political Change, 1922-1941: Nationalism
Sources of Japanese Tradition, 2:252-266
Miles Fletcher, "Intellectuals and Fascism in Early Showa Japan," Journal of Asian Studies 39 (November 1979): 39-63
Recommended:
Ben-Ami Shillony, Revolt in Japan: The Young Officers and the February 26, 1936 Incident (Princeton, 1973)
Wednesday, 3 November -- The New Japanese Emperor
Sources of Japanese Tradition, 2:266-288
Charles D. Sheldon, "Japanese Aggression and the Emperor, 1931-1941, from Contemporary Diaries," Modern Asian Studies 10 (February 1976): 1-40
Recommended:
Itoko Koyama, Nagako, Empress of Japan, tr. Atsuo Tsuruoka (New York, 1958)
A. Morgan Young, Imperial Japan, 1926-1938 (New York, 1938)
A. Morgan Young, Japan in Recent Times, 1912-1926 (New York, 1929)
Monday, 8 November -- Economic Development in the Taisho and Early Showa Eras
Sources of Japanese Tradition, 2:299-337
Recommended:
* Michael A. Barnhart, Japan Prepares for Total War: The Search for Economic Security, 1919-1941 (Ithaca, 1987)
Wednesday, 10 November -- The Move Toward War in Korea and China
Sources of Japanese Tradition, 2:288-291
Recommended:
Thomas A. Bisson, Japan in China (New York, 1938)
Alvin D. Coox and Hilary Conroy, China and Japan: Search for Balance since World War I (Santa Barbara, 1978)
John Paton Davies, Jr., Dragon by the Tail: American, British, Japanese, and Russian Encounters with China and One Another (New York, 1972)
Yoshi Saburo Kuno, Japanese Expansion on the Asiatic Continent: A Study in the History of Japan with Special Reference to Her International Relations with China, Korea, and Russia (Port Washington, 1967)
Gavan McCormack, Chang Tso-lin in Northeast China, 1911-1928: China, Japan, and the Manchurian Idea (Stanford, 1978)
Sadako N. Ogata, Defiance in Manchuria: The Making of Japanese Foreign Policy (Berkeley, 1964)
* Takehiko Yoshihashi, Conspiracy at Mukden: The Rise of the Japanese Military (New Haven, 1963)
Monday, 15 November -- The Great Pacific War, 1931-1945
Sources of Japanese Tradition, 2:291-298
Recommended:
John Hunter Boyle, China and Japan at War, 1937-1945: The Politics of Collaboration (Stanford, 1972)
Frank Dorn, The Sino-Japanese War, 1937-41 (New York, 1974)
Robert Guillain, I Saw Tokyo Burning: An Eyewitness Narrative from Pearl Harbor to Hiroshima, tr. William Byron (Garden City, 1981)
* Saburo Ienaga, The Pacific War, 1931-1945: A Critical Perspective on Japan's Role in World War II (New York, [1978])
Nobutaka Ike, tr. and ed., Japan's Decision for War: Records of the 1941 Policy Conferences (Stanford, 1967)
Bradford A. Lee, Britain and the Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1939: A Study in the Dilemmas of British Decline (Stanford, 1973)
George A. Lensen, The Strange Neutrality: Soviet-Japanese Relations during the Second World War, 1941-1945 (Tallahassee, 1972)
David J. Lu, From the Marco Polo Bridge to Pearl Harbor: Japan's Entry into World War II (Washington, 1961)
Sadako N. Ogata, Defiance in Manchuria: The Making of Japanese Foreign Policy, 1931-1932 (Berkeley, 1964)
Harold S. Quigley, Far Eastern War, 1937-1941 (Boston, 1942)
Armin Rappaport, Stimson and Japan, 1931-33 (Chicago, 1963)
John J. Sbrega, Anglo-American Relations and Colonialism in East Asia, 1941-1945 (New York, 1983)
W. W. Willoughby, The Sino-Japanese Controversy and the League of Nations (Baltimore, 1935)
* Dick Wilson, When Tigers Fight: The Story of the Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945 (New York, 1982)
Wednesday, 17 Noivember -- Japan under American Occupation
Robert E. Ward, "Reflections on the Allied Occupation and Planned Political Change in Japan," in Political Development in Modern Japan, ed. Robert E. Ward, pp. 477-535
Recommended:
Roger Buckley, Occupation Diplomacy: Britain, the United States, and Japan, 1945-1952 (Cambridge, 1982)
Theodore Cohen, Remaking Japan: The American Occupation as New Deal (New York, 1987)
John Curtis Perry, Beneath the Eagle's Wings: Americans in Occupied Japan (New York, 1980)
* Michael Schaller, The American Occupation of Japan: The Origins of the Cold War in Asia (New York, 1985)
* Shigeru Yoshida, The Yoshida Memoirs: The Story of Japan in Crisis, tr. Kenichi Yoshida (Westport, 1973)
Robert E. Ward and Sakamoto Yoshikazu, eds., Democratizing Japan: The Allied Occupation (Honolulu, 1987)
Monday, 22 November -- The New Political System
Recommended:
Thomas R. H. Havens, Fire Across the Sea: The Vietnam War and Japan, 1965-1975 (Princeton, 1987)
* Kiyoko Takeda, The Dual-Image of the Japanese Emperor (New York, 1988)
Thanksgiving Break
Monday, 29 November -- New Religions and the New Japanese Culture
Sources of Japanese Tradition, 2:338-384, 393-399
Recommended:
Wednesday, 1 December -- Japan as the Emerging Superpower, Showa and Heisei
Sources of Japanese Tradition, 2:384-393
Reaction Paper to Ishinomori, Japan, Inc. , due
Recommended:
Wolf Mendl, Issues in Japan's China Policy (London, 1978)
Peter J. Mueller and Douglas A. Ross, China and Japan: Emerging Global Powers (New York, 1975)
* Robert J. Smith, Kurusu: The Price of Progress in a Japanese Village, 1951-1975 (Stanford, 1978)
Friday, 3 December (EXTRA CLASS) -- Contemporary Japan Looks at Itself: Kurosawa's Dreams
Monday, 6 December -- Japan Over the Next Generation, 1993-2023
Comparative Reading Paper due
???? -- Final Exam