Medals of the Arab Republic of Egypt

International Electronic Phaleristic Encyclopedia

by Edward S. Haynes
(© 1999)

       

From 1517 to 1914, Egypt was nominally a part of the Ottoman Empire, although after 1801 the area enjoyed general autonomy and, on 12 May 1805, Muhammad Ali was elected to the semi-independent status of vali by the sheikhs of Cairo. In 1841 this office was made hereditary and the descendants of Muhgammad Ali would rule Egypt until the revolution of 1952. On 27 May 1866, Ismail was granted the title of khedive (approximately "viceroy") by an Imperial Ottoman Firman. In 1882 Great Britain established a informal protectorate there, which they converted into a formal protectorate with the termination of Ottoman authority on 18 December 1914, at which time Khedive Abbas II Hilmi was deposed and succeeded by his uncle Husain Kamil with the new title of sultan. Egypt was established as a separate, semi-independent, kingdom on 28 February 1922.

Khedive/Sultan/King of Egypt

On 22/23 July 1952, the absoluitist monarchy was overthrown and a brief token constitutional monarchy ensued under the young Ahmed Fuad II. A republic was established on 18 June 1953. Early in 1954, a new law was promulgated which established new decorations and made obsolete all those conferred before 23 July 1952, though a few of the royal orders and medals were redesigned and continued under the new regime. From 22 February 1958 to 28 September 1961, Egypt and Syria were joined as the United Arab Republic and, from 1 January 1972 to December 1977, Egypt, Syria, and Libya were technically unified in the Federation of Arab Republics.

Republic:

What is presnted here is almost inexpressively preliminary, but - as Egyptian awards are almost totally unknown in any serious detail - "something is better than nothing".  Details and corrections are welcomed.

This page represents a considerable amount of effort and original research work and users are requested (under terms of both copyright and normal academic usage) to make reference to this page (link it as a whole) rather that extract and "borrow" information. Thank you.

  1. Nishan Muhammad Ali / Order of Muhammad Ali -- Before the revolution, this was the highest military and civilian award, and it was only rarely conferred. The two highest classes were only conferred on royal personages and heads of state. The order became obsolete with the revolution and was abolished in 1954. The medals were awarded for gallantry in battle. The Chain of the Order of Muhammad Ali was quite rarely awarded, usually to senior members of the royal family or to foreign royalty. Established: 14 April 1915 by Sultan Husayn Kamil. Modified by Royal Order No. 4 of 1923, by Royal Order No. 50 of 1926, and Royal Order No. 12 of 1936. Became obselete with the revolution of 1952. Obverse: The order is a six-pointed gold star with green enamel with smaller points between. In the center green medallion with Arabic inscription "Muhammad Ali" and wide white band with Arabic inscription: "Charity, Justice and Freedom from Vindictiveness are the Strength of a Kingdom." The medals are of a roughly circular scaloped design are were awarded in gold and silver, suspended from a swiveling (?) straight-bar suspender. They have on the obverse the stylized caligraphic legend "??? 1333" or "???? 1333 [A.H.]". Reverse: The medals have, above, a stylized sword with the hilt toward the right, and, below, the inscription "Misr" or "Egypt". The central region is blank and, presumably, would be enrgraved with details of the award. Ribbon: Green moiré with white edge stripes.

  2. Order of Felaha

  3. Qiladat Fuad al-Awal / Collar of Fuad I -- Ranking between the Collar and Grand Cordon of the Order of Muhammad Ali, the Collar of Fuad I was awarded to foreign heads of state and other notable personages. There was only one class, the collar. In effect, this collar continues in the revised for of the collar of the republic. Established: By King Faruq in Royal Order No. 23 of 1936. Became obselete with the revolution of 1952. Obverse: A double chain in gold with twelve golden motifs, from which is suspended a gold badge with the caligraphic monogram of Fuad I. Ribbon: None.

  4. Nishan Ismail / Order of Ismail -- Awarded for civil merit and services to the throne. Became obsolete with the Revolution. Established: By Sultan Husayn Kamil in 1915. Revised by Royal Order No. 96 of 1922 and Royal Order No. 48 of 1926. Became obselete with the revolution of 1952. Obverse: An ornamental five-pointed blue-enameled gold star with ball tips and a central plaque with an Arabic inscription containing the name of the order "???" or "???". Suspended by a gold crown. Ribbon: Dark blue with edge stripes of brick red.

  5. Nishan al-Nil / Order of the Nile -- Established to reward persons, military or civilian, who had rendered useful service to Egypt. Unlike most of the pre-1952 awards, the Order of the Nile was continued after the Revolution. The highest class, the Collar of the Nile, is awarded to the president fo Egypt and to heads of state and royalty of foreign nations, and all Egyptian recipients are entitled to recieve a full military funeral on their death. Established: In 1915 by Sultan Husayn Kamil. The statutes were amended by Royal Order No. 5 of 1923 and Royal Order No. 49 of 1926. After the revolution, the order was completely reorganized by Law No. 528 of 18 June 1953 and further amended by Law No. 12 of 1972. The order is known to have been manufactured by Lattes (Cairo, Egypt). Obverse: The first badge was a ten-pointed star with alternate rays of gold and faceted silver, having at its center a point-down five-pointed white-enameled star with a crown in gold between its two upper rays and serving as a suspension device. In the center was an Arabic inscription: "???" or "What benefits Egypt owes to the Nile, her source of prosperity and happiness." The Republican badge remained the same, but with the crown predictably removed. Ribbon: Light (medium?) blue with yellow edge stripes.

  6. Order of the Republic -- The highest class is the Collar of the Republic and is awarded to Egyptian nationals for distinguished service to the state; it is also awarded to foreigners (including crown princes and heads of government). Awarded for outstanding civil or military services. All Egyptian recipients are entitled to a full military funeral on their deaths. The collar serves, in effect, as a continuation of the Collar of Fuad.  The sixth class of the order, in effect, is the Military Medal of the Republic. As this has, effectively, been a separate decoration, it has been listed independently. Established: By Government Law 333 of 1953, revised in Law No. 528 of 1953 and Law No. 12 of 1972. Obverse: First Variety (1953-72): A five-pointed blue- and gold-enameled star with blunt points, on this a ten-pointed gold star. The center medallion is red, surrounded by a gold Arabic inscription "???" or "???" and a gold beaded band. Second Variety (1972--): A ten-pointed faceted gold star, overlaid with a five-armed blue-enameled cross with gilt decorations. The center is a red-enameled circle with a gilt Arabic inscription "???" or "???". The badge is suspended by an eagle. Ribbon: Green with red edge stripes? OR: broad green center with edge stripes of gold (inner) and red (outer) edges.

  7. Military Order of the Republic -- This decoration is closely associated to the Order of the Republic, above, but has been listed separately. This single-class order is awarded to military units or formations for outstanding achievements. It is uncertain whether this award can also be granted to individuals as well. The order is comprised of a sash badge and star. Established: Created by Law No. 528 of 1953 and amended by Law No. 12 of 1972. Obverse: Identical to the First Class of the Order of the Republic, but with the addition of an extra g old five-pointed star on the lower point of the badge. Ribbon: Green with red edges? Broad green center with edge stripes of gold (inner) and red (outer) edges. (???)

  8. Nishan al-Istiklal / Order of Independence -- Awarded to those who contributed to the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of the Republic. Established: 1955; by 1965, its award had ceased. Obverse: A five-pointed, gold-edged, red-enameled star. There are silver flames between each point and a central blue medallion with a gold Arabic inscription "???" "???", surrounded by bands (reading outward) of gold, blue, and white. The badge is suspended by a gold eagle. Ribbon: Deep red, with white edge stripes and narrow black edges.

  9. Order of Merit -- Awarded for valuable services to Egypt. Established: Established by Law No. 528 of 1953, amended by Law No. 12 of 1972. Known to have been manufactured by Bichay (Cairo, Egypt). Obverse: A ten-pointed star, with alternating points of alternately rayed gold and faceted silver. In the center, a five-point star with curved sides and a blue-enameled center with a gilt Arabic legend "???" or "Merit". Suspended by an eagle (until 1972) or hawk (after 1972). Ribbon: Red moiré with edge stripes (reading inward) of thin black and white.

  10. Nishan al-Ziraah / Order of Agriculture -- This order seems to have been quite rarely awarded, in part because the goals of the order were viewed less than sympathetically by Great Britain, Egypt's imperial "protector". Awards continued under the Republic? Established: By King Ahmad Fuad I in Royal Order No. 61 of 1932 (or 1923?). Redesigned after the revolution? Obverse: A five-armed cross, enameled white with red diamonds on each arm and a silver crescent and three stars at the end of each arm. In the central red-, green-, and white-enameled medallion, Arabic inscription "???" or "???". Suspended (for the two higher classes) from an emameled crown. Ribbon: Light green, with three separate edge stripes thin pink, yellow, and thin pink. The colors are sometimes described as darker?

  11. Nishan al-Maaref / Order of Culture -- xxxx Superceded, in many ways, by the Order of Sciences and Arts. Also described as the "Order of Public Instruction". Established: By King Ahmad Fuad I in Royal Order No. 62 of 1932. Replaced after the Revolution by the Order of Sciences and Arts. Obverse: A five-pointed, blue-enameled gold star; the points are bulbously curved with white ornaments on each. Behind this, a faceted silver and gold star with silver crescent and three stars between each point. In the white-enemaled center a gold Arabic inscription "???" or "???". Suspended form a green-enameled wreath. Ribbon: Maroon center, with broad blue edge stripes. Between these, narrow pink stripes. This is the same as the ribbon for the Order of Sciences and Arts.

  12. Order of Sciences and Arts -- Awarded to those Egyptian citizens who render outstanding services in the fields of science, the arts, and overall knowledge. In practice, this represents a replacement for the Royal Order of Culture. Established: By Law No. 528 of 1953, amended by Law No. 12 of 1972. Obverse: A ten-pointed multi-faceted silver-gilt star bearing a five-pointed white-enameled silver-gilt star. In the center is a circular blue-enameled field bearing the words "???" or "Science and Arts" in gold. The badge is suspended by an artist's palette surmounted by the eagle (hawk?) of the republic. Ribbon: Red with edge stripes, reading inward, of blue and very thin pink. This is the same as the ribbon for the Order of Culture.

  13. Order of Labor -- Awarded to Egyptian subjects who have contributed to the industrial, economic, and scientific advancement of the country. Also styled as the "Order of Work". Established: In 1966, revised by Law No.1 2 of 1972. Known to have been manufactured by Bichay (Cairo, Egypt). Obverse: Silver-gilt and enamel, a cog wheel of ten cogs with a white enamel center. Each cog bears a Pharonic device in high relief. On the white center is a gilt red-enameled five-pointed star with a red-enameled sun labeled "???" or "Labor". Suspended by an elaborate clasp bearing the eagle (hawk?) of the republic. Ribbon: Yellow with a red center stripe (almost equally spaced).

  14. Nishan al-Sinaa wa al-Tigara / Order of Industry and Commerce -- Awards continued under the Republic? Established: By King Ahmad Fuad I in Royal Order No. 63 of 1932. Redesigned after the Revolution? Known to have been manufactured by Bichay (Cairo, Egypt). Obverse: A five-pointed, orange-enameled silver-gilt star; the points are curved with medium ornaments on each and forming a second five pointed star within the orange outer star. Behind this, faceted silver rays between each point. In the red- and white-enameled center a gold Arabic inscription "???" or "???". Suspended from a silver cog wheel, gold caduceus, and gold laurel branch. Ribbon: Blue, yellow edge stripes and narrow green edges.

  15. Order of Sports -- Established to reward Egyptians and foreigners for their contributions to athletics in Egypt and in international (especially Olympic) competition. Established: Established by Law No. 528 of 1952 and revised by Law No. 12 of 1972. Known to have been manufactured by Bichay (Cairo, Egypt). Obverse: A silver-gilt ten-pointed faceted star, with a gold, green-enameled, ball-tipped five-pointed star on it. The star is on a green and white circular background with a series of five interlinked rings between each point of the star (recalling the Olympic emblem). The star has a torch on each point, flame toward the center and a red central medallion with the name of the order (in Arabic) in gold "???" or "Sports". Suspended by a bar of five interlinked rings. Reverse: Plain, except for the engraved name of the recipient. Ribbon: White with apple-green edges.

  16. Nishan al-Kemal / Order of the Virtues -- Established as an award of merit for women only. Established: By Sultan Husayn Kamil in 1915 (or 1913?), Modified in Royal Order No. 7 of 1923. Reestablished by Law No. 528 of 1953 and amended by Law No. 12 of 1972. Obverse: A star of ten gold ornamental lotus flowers, alternately enameled blue and white. In the center, white with "El-Kemal" or "The Virtues" in blue. In the points of the breast star of the two upper classes are the words "???" or "Charity", "???" or "Duty", "???" or "Devotion", "???" or "Nobility", and "???" or "Pity". Before 1954, it was suspended by a gold and enamel crown; after that date, the crown was removed. Ribbon: Light gray moiré with gold tissue edging. Also reported as red moiré edged with gold.

  17. Wisam Negma Sinna' / Order of the Sinai Star -- The highest award for bravery in battle, it is awarded to any member of the armed forces for exceptional courage in battle which results in the infliction of casualties upon the enemy. All awards were bestowed by the president, Anwar al-Sadat. The star may also be awarded posthumously and to foreigners. The first class carries a monthly pension of £E20, while the second class carried a similar payment of £E10. Sons or heirs of holders of this award receive free education, free land travel, air and sea travel at 50% cost, free medical treatment, and general priority in the provision of state-rendered services. While the badge was, officially, worn as a breast badge, the late Egyptian President Anwar al-Sadat (with whom the award is closely identified) wore the badge as a neck badge. The actual badge he wore was the second class Sinai Star which had been posthumnously awarded to his half brother. This decoration is often, and incorrectly, referred to as the "Suez Star". This error in nomenclature reflects the award's close symbolic identification with the 1973 war and the heroic Egyptian crossing of the Suez Canal as the first step in the reconquest of the Sinai Peninsula. Established: By Law No. 12 of 1972, revised 17 February 1974, by President Anwar al-Sadat. Obverse: An eight-pointed star, dark green-enameled (it looks almost black), with slightly different designs for each class, as detailed below. Reverse: Plain, but with provision for engraving the award details. Ribbon: 37 mm, three equal stripes: red, white, black. When worn as a ribbon bar, the stripes are horizontal: red, white, and black, where a gold republican eagle is worn to represent a first class award. Awards: It is, at present, impossible to distinguish by classes, but at least 54 (25 posthumous) were awarded for the 1973 war with Israel (although total awards for this conflict may have been as high as 200). The only documented awards since that conflict came in 1978 for an airline rescue attempt in Cyprus when 15 posthumous awards were made (2 to the Air Force and 13 to Army commandos). In 1983, President Mohammed Hosni Mubarak was awarded the first class.

  18. Wisam Nigam al-Sharif / Star of Honour -- Awarded to officers for exceptional bravery or distinguished services in the face of the enemy. Some awards seem, however, to have been made to enlisted personnel for services in the 1973 war. Whenever possible, this award is intended to be presented personally by the president. A monthly allowance of £E10 is paid to holders of this decoration. Sons or heirs of awardees receive free education. The star is normally worn as a pin-back badge on the left breast.   Established: 1959, revised in 1973. Obverse: An ten-pointed, silver faceted, 65-mm breast star. Thereon, a 48-mm five-pointed gold star with white-enameled points and gold ball tips. In the center, a circular medallion, enameled red, with an Arabic inscription "???" or "Honor Star" in gold. Reverse: Pin attachment for wear, but with a space for engraving award details. Ribbon: The star is normally worn as a pin-back badge, without ribbon. When ribbon bars are worn, the following ribbon is employed. 37 mm, deep blue center stripe (25 mm) with red, white, and black edge stripes (2 mm, reading inward), A gold republican eagle is worn on the ribbon bar. Awards: In 1964 and again in 1974, Mohammed Hosni Mubarak (then serving in the air force) was awarded this decoration.

  19. Wisam Nigam al-'Askariia / Military Star -- The Military Star of Fuad I was originally intended for award to Egyptian and foreign officers for mention in dispatches or distinguished service in the field or before the enemy, with courage and a spirit of self-sacrifice. In broad terms, the Military Star can be seen as having been patterned after the British Distinguished Service Order. It was, of course, redesigned with the fall of the monarchy. With the redesign and restructuring which came with the 1952 revolution, the award came to be awarded to any officer for exceptional service with courage and a spirit of self-sacrifice. Whenever possible, the award is to be personally presented by the president of the republic. The star can be awarded posthumously or to foreigners. Established: By King Ahmad Fuad I in Royal Order of 6 December 1919, revised and redesigned on 9 July 1953 and amended by Law No. 12 of 1972. Obverse: A five-pointed gilt star, enameled white. The center is enameled blue with crossed swords in gilt, surrounded by a red circlet with a gilt wreath. Above all a gilt crown. Suspended from a straight bar suspender. After 1953, the 45-mm star has been of bronze with blue-enameled points, with the center swords replaced with the Egyptian eagle (after 1971, hawk), and the suspension crown removed. Each point has two crossed swords. The suspension is a ornate enameled bar in the form of a pair of "Pharonic" falcon's wings, with a disk in the center bearing a pair of crossed swords. Reverse: Until 1953, a gold Arabic inscription "???" or "???" on purple enamel. Afer 1953, plain except for award details and the serial number of the decoration. Ribbon: 37 mm, moiré, five equal 6 mm stripes of blue, yellow, black, yellow, blue, with thin (1 mm) yellow edges.

  20. Medal of Distinction -- Awarded to those who render valuable service to the state, especially in the fields of acience, arts, literature, agriculture, industry, commerce, sports, public services, and public order and security. Established: Established in 1966 and classified as a civil medal by Law No. 12 of 1972. Obverse: Circular 35-mm medal, a metaphorical scene depicting the beneficial spread of knowledge and culture among the people. (???!) Suspended by a straight bar from a clasp in the form of an ancient Egyptian helment (crown?). Reverse: The name of the medal "???" or "???", above an indication of the class and, below, the date of creation "???" or "???". Ribbon: 37-mm moiré, white with 10-mm green edge stripes: 10 mm green, 17 mm white, 10 mm green.

  21. Wisam al-Gomohouriyya al-'Askariia / Military Medal of the Republic -- The medal is awarded to those who display great devotion to duty on the battlefield, without regard for rank. The first class medal rewards the highest levels of bravery, while the second class is awarded for lesser deeds. The medal can be awarded posthumously, to foreigners, and to military units. In effect, this is the sixth class of the Order of the Republic, although its separate existence is such that it has been listed here. A non-commissioned officer who is awarded the first class medal receives a doubling in his monthly salary and a monthly payment of £E5 after retirement. Recipients of the second class medal receive a monthly stipend of £E2.50. Established: 19 July 1959 and revised under Law No. 12 of 1972. Obverse: Circular medal, 37 mm. The depiction of the falcon (and, later, eagle?) emblem of the republic. The medal is suspended by an ornate suspender and straight bar. Reverse: In the center, the Arabic inscription "Jamhuriya Misr al-Arabiya" or "The Arab Republic of Egypt", above "???" or "Wisam al-Gomohouriyya al-'Askariia " or "The Military Medal of the Republic", and below "1959-1379" or "1959-1379", the date(s) of establishment of the medal (A.H. and C.E.). Ribbon: 36 mm, green center, with thin white stripes and wider red edge stripes. Red 7 mm, white 2 mm, green 18 mm, white 2 mm, red 7 mm. The ribbon is of a very loose weave.

  22. Medal for Bravery -- Established to reward bravery in action by non-commissioned officers and enlisted men. Under the monarchy, this was the highest bravery decoration. It was - apparently? - also awarded for civilian bravery? After the revolution, this medal was continued as the Military Medal of Courage and the Civil Medal of Courage. Established: 1913, revised in 1955 as the Civil Medal of Courage and in 1959 as the Military Medal of Courage. Ribbon: Light blue.

  23. Nuut al-Shaga'a al-Askarii / Military Medal of Courage -- Awarded for deeds of courage and sacrifice performed by members of the armed forces. Can be awarded posthumously and to foreigners. This was an extension of the Medal for Bravery. Established: 9 July 1959, revised under Law No. 6 of 1973. Obverse: Circular medal, 31 mm, a Pharonic horse-drawn chariot with warrior firing bow and arrow; this is a depiction of Ramses II from ????. The medal is suspended from an ornate suspender and straight bar. Reverse: In the center, the Arabic inscription "Jamhuriya Misr al-Arabiya" or "The Arab Republic of Egypt", above "???" or "The Military Medal of Courage", and below "1959-1379" or "1959-1379", the date(s) of establishment of the medal (A.H. amd C.E.). Ribbon: 37 mm, five equal bands, three red and two black, red outermost.

  24. The Civil Medal of Courage -- Awarded to reward bravery and courage by civilians in time of war. This was an extension of the Medal for Bravery. Established: Law No. 8 of May 1955. Ribbon: 1-1/2" moire, five equal stripes of red / black / green/ black / red.

  25. Medal for Merit -- Awarded for long and faithful service in government departments. Established: By Law No. 528 of 1953, amended by Law No. 12 of 1972. Obverse: Circular 37 mm medal, in high relief, the sun with rays, encircled by two flower stalks and water beneath. Suspended by an eagle (hawk?) emblem from a straight bar. Reverse: The inscription "???" or "Merit" in the center with a crescent and three stars above. Below, "1375-1953" or "1375-1953", the date of the cretaion of the medal. Ribbon: 37 mm moiré, red, with a broad central stripe of light yellow and two narrow black edges: 2 mm black, 11 mm yellow, 11 mm red, 11 mm yellow, 2 mm black.

  26. Medal for Meritorious Acts -- To reward persons who distinguish themselves by meritorious service to the state, civilian gallantry, life-saving, or long and faithful service. Bars could be added for additional awards. Established: By King ???? in 1917. Modified by Royal Order No. 8 of 1923 and Royal Order No. 71 of 1928. Obverse: Circular medal, the state arms and, below, the date "1325" or "1325 [A.H.]". Suspended from a broad straight bar suspender. Reverse: An Arabic inscription in the center "???" or "???" and another Arabic inscription above "???" or "???"; the lower part of the reverse seems to be awaiting inscribed details of the award. Ribbon: Purple moiré

  27. Mobilization Medal -- Awarded to those military and civilian personnel who make an outstanding contribution to the preparation of the national defense. Established: 1953, revised in Law No. 12 of 1973. Obverse: Circular medal, 37 mm, a bugle (officially, the "Horn of Appeal") from which hangs a banner bearing a device comprised of a gear wheel, a ship, crossed rifles, and olive branches. In the background, a rather "busy" assemblage of ancient and modern Egyptian buildings, including Cairo University, Pharonic temples, and other tourist sites. Suspended by an ornate suspension from a straight bar. The medal is often engraved around the edge with details of the recipient. Reverse: In the center, the Arabic inscription "Jamhuriya Misr al-Arabiya" or "The Arab Republic of Egypt", above "???" or "The Medal of Mobilization", and below "1953-1373" or "1953-1373", the date(s) of establishment of the medal (A.H. and C.E.). Ribbon: 36 mm, six equal 5 mm stripes of blue, green, red, white, yellow, and black.

  28. Medal for Devotion to Duty -- It is extremely difficult to disassociate this medal from the two which follow and it could be argued that all three should be discussed under a single heading. The line of genealogy is so clear between the royalist and republican awards that they might deserve combined discussion, however different they may appear. Yet, the complexity is such that the awards have been separated. Established: By King Ahmad Fuad I in 1920 and modified by Royal Order No. 9 of 1923 and Royal Order No. 23 of 1930. Obverse: The state coat of arms, with the date "1337" or "1337 [A.H.]" above. Surrounded by an Arabic inscription "???" or "???". Suspended from a broad plain straight-bar suspender. Reverse: Arabic inscription "???" or "???". Ribbon: The original (pre-1953) ribbon is 1-3/8" medium blue moiré. This ribbon is continued with the Medal of Civic Duty after the Rebolution.

  29. Nuut al-Waagib al-'Askarii / Medal of Military Duty -- This represents a direct continuation of the Medal for Devotion to Duty in its military aspects. The civilian aspect of the pre-Revolutionary award is continued as the Medal of Civil Duty. Awarded for faithful and courageous performance of non-combattant duty to members of the armed forces, regardless of rank. This includes potential awards to cadets at service academies. Can be awarded posthumously and to foreigners. Established: Reformulated on 9 July 1953 and revised by ??? of 1959 and by Law No. 6 of 1973. Obverse: Circular 31 mm medal, an upright sword above a pair of wings with a wreath beneath these, the whole surrounded by ten stars. Suspended by an ornate suspender from a straight bar. Reverse: At the top, an Arabic legend indicating the name of the issuing nation; this changes over time, as is detailed below. In the center "Nuut al-Waagib al-'Askarii" or "The Medal Military of Duty", and below "1953-1372" or "1953-1372", the date(s) of establishment of the medal (A.H. and C.E.). Ribbon: After 1953, the old ribbon was continued for the civil class, while a new ribbon was established for the military class by adding a narrow red stripe toward each edge. For the military awards it is 36 mm, medium blue with a thin red stripe toward each edge: 5 mm blue, 3 mm red, 20 mm blue, 3 mm red, 5 mm blue.

  30. Nuut al-Waagib ??? / The Medal of Civil Duty -- This represents a direct continuation of the Medal for Devotion to Duty in its civilian aspects. In effect, this is a post-Revolutionary civilian equivalent to the Medal of Military Duty. Established: Reformulated on 9 July 1953 and revised by Law No. 6 of 1973. Ribbon: 1-3/8" medium blue moire. This represents a continuation from the pre-Revolutionary Medal for Devotion to Duty.

  31. Midalliyya Garahii' al-Harb / Medal of War Wounded -- Awarded to those armed forces personnel who have been wounded in action. Subsequent wounds are indicated by the addition of an appropriate engraving to the medal. Established: 1959, revised by Law No. 6 of 1973. Obverse: 37-mm circular silver medal, showing a soldier standing to the right at attention and in full combat gear, and trees in leaf to the left. In the center of the obverse is a small oblong plug bearing the number of times wounded. Suspended by an ornate suspender from a broad straight bar. The medal is normally named on the edge. Reverse: Above, the Egyptian eagle or hawk with on either side the dates "1959/1379" or "1959/1379", below the Arabic inscription "???" or "Medal of War Wounded". Ribbon: 36 mm, moiré, a pale yellow-green center (26 mm), with a 4 mm yellow stripe toward each edge and 2 mm pale yellow-greed edge stripes.

  32. Nut al-Tadrib / Medal of Training -- Granted to those who, with their units, achieve a high standard of training or to those injured as a result of training. Established: 1959, revised by Law No. 6 of 1973. Obverse: 32 mm circular medal with a (rather "busy") depiction of a leaping soldier in full battle gear and, below, barbed wire, a sword, an open book, and a quill pen. To the right is a crescent, points downward, and sixteen smaller stars, a warship, and two explosions. Above the soldier are two open parachutes and, to the left, a sun, tank, and two more explosions. Reverse: The Egyptian eagle or hawk and, on either side, "1959-1379" or "1959-1379", the date(s) of establishment of the medal; below, the inscription "Nut al-Tadrib" or "The Medal of Training". Suspended by an ornate suspender from a straight bar. The medal is hallmarked to the botton of the reverse. Ribbon: 39 mm, white with two equally proportioned red stripes: 7.5 mm white, 8 mm red, 8 mm white, 8 mm red, 7.5 mm white.

  33. Medal of Benevolence -- Awarded to state servants, both civilian and military, for long and faithful service. Established: By King Ahmad Fuad I in Royal Order No. 80 of 1928. Became obselete with the revolution. Obverse: The king, facing right in uniform and wearing a fez (same for all?). Surrounding, an Arabic inscription. Suspended from a broad plain straight-bar suspender. Reverse: The state coat of arms with an Arabic inscription above "???" or "???" and the date "1357" or "1357 [A.H. = ???? C.E.]" below, all of this surrounded by a wreath. Ribbon: Dark blue with a broad red central stripe; essentially, equal thirds of dark blue, red, and dark blue

  34. Midaliyyat al-Khidmat al-Tawilla / Medal of Distinguished Service -- Awarded to active duty officers for thirty years of service. Established: Law No. 12 of 1972 (or earlier?). Obverse: 37-mm circular silver-gilt medal. An elaborate trophy of arms, comprising the Armed Forces crest. Suspended from an ornate suspender and straight bar. The medal is usually named on the edge. Reverse: In the center, the Egyptian hawk (or eagle?), surrounded by a circle and ring of stars. Above the inscription "Midaliyyat al-Khidmat al-Tawilla" or "Medal of Distinguished Service", and a half wreath. Ribbon: 37 mm, white center (29 mm) with thin 1 mm edge stripes (reading inward) of yellow, dark blue, light blue, and black. When worn as a ribbon bar, a circular brass disk bearing the republican eagle (or hawk?) is added to the ribbon.

  35. Midalat Al-Khidmat al-Tawilat wa al-Qarafat al-Hasanat / Medal of Long Service and Good Example -- Granted to those members of the armed forces who serve a minimum of twenty years. The first class is awarded to commissioned officers and the second class to others. Established: 1959, revised by Law No.6 of 1972. Obverse: Circular medal, 37 mm. Within a circle and border of twenty stars, the eagle or hawk emblem of the republic. Suspended by an ornate suspender from a straight-bar suspender (also reported in a ring-suspension variety?). Reverse: At the top, the Arabic inscription indicating the issuing body, as detaile dbelow. In the center, "Al-Khidmat al-Tawilat / wa al-Qarafat al-Hasanat" or "Long Service and Good Example", and below "1959-1378" or "1959-1378", the date(s) of establishment of the medal (A.H. and C.E.). The medal is often hallmarked to the left. Ribbon: 37 mm, white, with narrow edge stripe of (reading inward) of red, white, and black: 2.5 mm red, 2.5 mm white, 2.5 mm black, 22 mm white, 2.5 mm black, 2.5 mm white, 2.5 mm red.

  36. Medal for Sport -- Same as Order of Sport??

  37. The Union Order -- Awarded to commemorate the creation of the United Arab Republic through unity with Syria (also listed under Syria). The medal was awarded to all members of the armed forces who were serving on 1 February 1958; it was also awarded to selected civilians. Established: By Legislative Decree No. 657 of 16 February 1958. This award was (and is?) valid in both the northern (Syrian) and southern (Egyptian) regions of the U.A.R. Obverse: A bronze five-armed 48-mm cross with rays between each arm. In the circular center, a map of the Arab world, encompassing both Syria and Egypt. On a surrounding circle, the Arabic legend "??? / ???" or "United Arab Republic / We will protect it". Suspended by a ring. Reverse: Concave, with the Arabic inscription "??? / ???" or Anniversary of the establishment of the United Arab Republic / 13 Rajab 1377 1 February 1958". Ribbon: 1½ inch dark green moiré with 5/16 inch (8 mm?) dark red edge stripes.

  38. Nuut al-Nasr / Victory Medal -- Awarded to commemorate the first anniversary of the foreign evacuation of Port Said (Egypt). The medal was presented to all members of the U.A.R. armed forces and to military students who were serving on 23 December 1958. (Also listed under Syria.) This has also been referred to as the "Order of Victory". Established: By a memorandum of the commanding general, approved 5 May 1958. Obverse: Gilt, 45 mm, an eight-pointed cross with large central medallion with eagle with enameled arms. Silver rays between the arms. Ribbon: 35 mm, five equal 6 mm stripes of red, dark green, white, dark green, red. When ribbon bars are worn, a brass five-pointed star is worn on the ribbon.

  39. Unity Medal, 1958 -- Recorded for Egypt, this may also have been awarded for Syria? Obverse: Gilt star-burst with U.A.R. eagle.Ribbon: Yellow, with red and white stripes.

  40. The Shedwan Medal -- Ribbon: 1-1/2" blue moire with 1/16" edge stripes. In the center a ¼" brown stripe bisected by a 1/32" red stripe.

  41. Bronze Star for Egypt, 1882 -- Awarded for the campaigns between 16 July and 14 September 1882. Established: By Khedive Tawfiq Muhammad, with the nominal authorization of the Ottoman Sultan. Manufactured by Jenkins (Birmingham, England). Obverse: A five-pointed bronze star, point downward and suspended by a crescent and star from a straight suspension bar. In the center, a depiction of the Sphinx and three pyramids. Around it, the inscription "EGYPT 1882" and below, "Khedivi ????" or "????". Reverse: The Khedive's monogram, "T.M." with a crown above. Ribbon: 39 mm, dark blue.

  42. Bronze Star for Egypt, 1884 -- Awarded for campaigns between 19 February and 14 September 1884. Established: By Khedive Tawfiq Muhammad, with the nominal authorization of the Ottoman Sultan. Manufactured by Jenkins (Birmingham, England). Obverse: A five-pointed bronze star, point downward and suspended by a crescent and star from a straight suspension bar. In the center, a depiction of the Sphinx and three pyramids. Around it, the inscription "EGYPT 1884" and below, "Khedivi ????" or "????". Reverse: The Khedive's monogram, "T.M." with a crown above. Ribbon: 39 mm, dark blue.

  43. Bronze Star for Egypt, 1884-6 -- Awarded for campaigns between 26 March 1884 and 7 October 1886. Established: By Khedive Tawfiq Muhammad, with the nominal authorization of the Ottoman Sultan. Manufactured by Jenkins (Birmingham, England). Obverse: A five-pointed bronze star, point downward and suspended by a crescent and star from a straight suspension bar. In the center, a depiction of the Sphinx and three pyramids. Around it, the inscription "EGYPT 1884-6" and below, "Khedivi ????" or "????". Reverse: The Khedive's monogram, "T.M." with a crown above. Ribbon: 39 mm, dark blue.

  44. Bronze Star for Egypt, 1887, 1889, 1891 -- Awarded for campaigns in 1887, 1889, and 1891. The bar "Tokar 1308" was awarded with this star, or presumably with any star previously held, for the battle at Tokar on 19 February 1891. Established: By Khedive Tawfiq Muhammad, with the nominal authorization of the Ottoman Sultan. Manufactured by Jenkins (Birmingham, England). Obverse: A five-pointed bronze star, point downward and suspended by a crescent and star from a straight suspension bar. In the center, a depiction of the Sphinx and three pyramids. Around it, the inscription "EGYPT" and below, "Khedivi ????" or "????". Reverse: The Khedive's monogram, "T.M." with a crown above. Ribbon: 39 mm, dark blue.

  45. Khedive's Sudan Medal, 1896-1908 -- The medal without bar was awarded for operations at and south of Sarras, 30 March-23 September 1896, and to troops at Suakin during this same period. Bars were awarded for the silver medal to represent certain specific actions and campaigns (see below). Bvars were not awarded for the bronze medal, which was awarded to non-combattant support personnel. Established: By Khedive Abbas Hilmi II in Egyptian Army Special Order of 12 February 1897. Obverse: 39 mm, silver and bronze, suspended by a straight bar. The name of the ruler in Arabic, "???" or "Abbas Hilmi the Second" and the date "1314" or 1314 A.H. = 1897 C.E. Reverse: An oval shield with the three crescents of the khedive and, behind, a trophy of arms and banners. Below, the inscription "1314 ?????" or "The Reconquest of the Sudan, 1314". Ribbon: 37 mm, yellow with a broad blue central stripe. 12.5 mm yellow, 12 mm blue, 12.5 mm yellow. Said to symbolize the Nile River flowing through the desert. Awards: Most of the medals without bar seem to have been issued to Indian or British troops; awards to Egyptian troops would, therefore, appear to be uncommon.

  46. Khedive's Sudan Medal, 1896-1908: "Firket" -- Awarded for the first phase in the Egyptian reconquest of the Sudan, the occupation of Dongola. This bar commemorates the defeat of the Emir Osman Azraq at Firket on 7 June 1896. Egyptian and Sudanese recipients of this bar were also awarded the Queen's Sudan Medal, 1896-98. Established: By Khedive Abbas Hilmi II in Egyptian Army Special Order of 12 February 1897. Obverse: 39 mm silver, suspended by a straight bar. The name of the ruler in Arabic, "???" or "Abbas Hilmi the Second" and the date "1314" or 1314 A.H. = 1897 C.E. Reverse: An oval shield with the three crescents of the khedive and, behind, a trophy of arms and banners. Below, the inscription "1314 ?????" or "The Reconquest of the Sudan, 1314". Ribbon: 37 mm, yellow with a broad blue central stripe. 12.5 mm yellow, 12 mm blue, 12.5 mm yellow. Said to symbolize the Nile River flowing through the desert. Awards: Egyptian Cavalry, Camel Corps, 2nd Company Royal Engineers, 2nd Egyptian Infantry, 3rd Egyptian Infantry, 4th Egyptian Infantry, 7th Egyptian Infantry, 8th Egyptian Infantry, 9th Sudanese Infantry, 10th Sudanese Infantry, 11th Sudanese Infantry, 12th Sudanese Infantry, 13th Sudanese Infantry, 1st North Staffordshire Regiment (machine gun section, 18), and Connaught Rangers (machine gun section, 8).

  47. Khedive's Sudan Medal, 1896-1908: "Hafir" -- Awarded for actions after the battle of Firket and the advance to Kerma (19 September 1896), Merowe (26 September), and Dongola (15 October). Hafir is across the Nile from Kerma was was the site of the major battle of this phase of the campaign for the reconquest of Dongola. Tne bat was awarded not only for this battle (19-26 September), but to all whi had taken place in operations south of Fareig in Septermer 1896. Egyptian and Sudanese recipients of this bar were also awarded the Queen's Sudan Medal, 1896-98. Established: By Khedive Abbas Hilmi II in Egyptian Army Special Order of 12 February 1897. Obverse: 39 mm silver, suspended by a straight bar. The name of the ruler in Arabic, "???" or "Abbas Hilmi the Second" and the date "1314" or 1314 A.H. = 1897 C.E. Reverse: An oval shield with the three crescents of the khedive and, behind, a trophy of arms and banners. Below, the inscription "1314 ?????" or "The Reconquest of the Sudan, 1314". Ribbon: 37 mm, yellow with a broad blue central stripe. 12.5 mm yellow, 12 mm blue, 12.5 mm yellow. Said to symbolize the Nile River flowing through the desert. Awards: Egyptian Cavalry, Egyptian Artillery, Royal Engineers, Royal Army Medical Corps (20), 1st Egyptian Infantry, 2nd Egyptian Infantry, 3rd Egyptian Infantry, 4th Egyptian Infantry, 5th Egyptian Infantry, 7th Egyptian Infantry, 8th Egyptian Infantry, 15th Egyptian Infantry, 9th Sudanese Infantry, 10th Sudanese Infantry, 11th Sudanese Infantry, 12th Sudanese Infantry, 13th Sudanese Infantry, 1st North Staffordshire Regiment (588), 1st Connaught Rangers (6), Abu Klea, El Teb, Matemmeh, Tamaai, Zafir, and Royal Navy and Royal Marines (16).

  48. Khedive's Sudan Medal, 1896-1908: "Abu Hamed" -- Awarded to the force under Major-General A. Hunter which was dispatched from Kassingar to capture Abu Hamed. The battle at Abu Hamed took place on 7 July 1897. Egyptian and Sudanese recipients of this bar were also awarded the Queen's Sudan Medal, 1896-98.

  49. Established: By Khedive Abbas Hilmi II in Egyptian Army Special Order of 12 February 1897. Obverse: 39 mm silver, suspended by a straight bar. The name of the ruler in Arabic, "???" or "Abbas Hilmi the Second" and the date "1314" or 1314 A.H. = 1897 C.E. Reverse: An oval shield with the three crescents of the khedive and, behind, a trophy of arms and banners. Below, the inscription "1314 ?????" or "The Reconquest of the Sudan, 1314". Ribbon: 37 mm, yellow with a broad blue central stripe. 12.5 mm yellow, 12 mm blue, 12.5 mm yellow. Said to symbolize the Nile River flowing through the desert. Awards: Egyptian Cavalry (one troop only), 2nd Field Battery Egyptian Artillery, 3rd Egyptian Infantry, 9th Sudanese Infantry, 10th Sudanese Infantry, 11th Sudanese Infantry, 13th Sudanese Infantry, and Madras Sappers and Miners.

  50. Khedive's Sudan Medal, 1896-1908: "Sudan 1897" -- 15 July-6 November 1897. Egyptian and Sudanese recipients of this bar were also awarded the Queen's Sudan Medal, 1896-98. Established: By Khedive Abbas Hilmi II in Egyptian Army Special Order of 12 February 1897. Obverse: 39 mm silver, suspended by a straight bar. The name of the ruler in Arabic, "???" or "Abbas Hilmi the Second" and the date "1314" or 1314 A.H. = 1897 C.E. Reverse: An oval shield with the three crescents of the khedive and, behind, a trophy of arms and banners. Below, the inscription "1314 ?????" or "The Reconquest of the Sudan, 1314". Ribbon: 37 mm, yellow with a broad blue central stripe. 12.5 mm yellow, 12 mm blue, 12.5 mm yellow. Said to symbolize the Nile River flowing through the desert.

  51. Khedive's Sudan Medal, 1896-1908: "The Atbara" --  8 April 1898. Egyptian and Sudanese recipients of this bar were also awarded the Queen's Sudan Medal, 1896-98. Established: By Khedive Abbas Hilmi II in Egyptian Army Special Order of 12 February 1897. Obverse: 39 mm silver, suspended by a straight bar. The name of the ruler in Arabic, "???" or "Abbas Hilmi the Second" and the date "1314" or 1314 A.H. = 1897 C.E. Reverse: An oval shield with the three crescents of the khedive and, behind, a trophy of arms and banners. Below, the inscription "1314 ?????" or "The Reconquest of the Sudan, 1314". Ribbon: 37 mm, yellow with a broad blue central stripe. 12.5 mm yellow, 12 mm blue, 12.5 mm yellow. Said to symbolize the Nile River flowing through the desert.

  52. Khedive's Sudan Medal, 1896-1908: "Khartoum" -- 2 September 1898. Egyptian and Sudanese recipients of this bar were also awarded the Queen's Sudan Medal, 1896-98. Established: By Khedive Abbas Hilmi II in Egyptian Army Special Order of 12 February 1897. Obverse: 39 mm silver, suspended by a straight bar. The name of the ruler in Arabic, "???" or "Abbas Hilmi the Second" and the date "1314" or 1314 A.H. = 1897 C.E. Reverse: An oval shield with the three crescents of the khedive and, behind, a trophy of arms and banners. Below, the inscription "1314 ?????" or "The Reconquest of the Sudan, 1314". Ribbon: 37 mm, yellow with a broad blue central stripe. 12.5 mm yellow, 12 mm blue, 12.5 mm yellow. Said to symbolize the Nile River flowing through the desert.

  53. Khedive's Sudan Medal, 1896-1908: "Gedaref" -- 7 September-26 December 1898. Established: By Khedive Abbas Hilmi II in Egyptian Army Special Order of 12 February 1897. Obverse: 39 mm silver, suspended by a straight bar. The name of the ruler in Arabic, "???" or "Abbas Hilmi the Second" and the date "1314" or 1314 A.H. = 1897 C.E. Reverse: An oval shield with the three crescents of the khedive and, behind, a trophy of arms and banners. Below, the inscription "1314 ?????" or "The Reconquest of the Sudan, 1314". Ribbon: 37 mm, yellow with a broad blue central stripe. 12.5 mm yellow, 12 mm blue, 12.5 mm yellow. Said to symbolize the Nile River flowing through the desert.

  54. Khedive's Sudan Medal, 1896-1908: "Gedid" -- 22 November 1899. Established: By Khedive Abbas Hilmi II in Egyptian Army Special Order of 12 February 1897. Obverse: 39 mm silver, suspended by a straight bar. The name of the ruler in Arabic, "???" or "Abbas Hilmi the Second" and the date "1314" or 1314 A.H. = 1897 C.E. Reverse: An oval shield with the three crescents of the khedive and, behind, a trophy of arms and banners. Below, the inscription "1314 ?????" or "The Reconquest of the Sudan, 1314". Ribbon: 37 mm, yellow with a broad blue central stripe. 12.5 mm yellow, 12 mm blue, 12.5 mm yellow. Said to symbolize the Nile River flowing through the desert.

  55. Khedive's Sudan Medal, 1896-1908: "Sudan 1899" -- Established: By Khedive Abbas Hilmi II in Egyptian Army Special Order of 12 February 1897. Obverse: 39 mm silver, suspended by a straight bar. The name of the ruler in Arabic, "???" or "Abbas Hilmi the Second" and the date "1314" or 1314 A.H. = 1897 C.E. Reverse: An oval shield with the three crescents of the khedive and, behind, a trophy of arms and banners. Below, the inscription "1314 ?????" or "The Reconquest of the Sudan, 1314". Ribbon: 37 mm, yellow with a broad blue central stripe. 12.5 mm yellow, 12 mm blue, 12.5 mm yellow. Said to symbolize the Nile River flowing through the desert.

  56. Khedive's Sudan Medal, 1896-1908: "Bahr-el-Ghazal 1900-02" -- 13 December 1901-28 April 1902. Established: By Khedive Abbas Hilmi II in Egyptian Army Special Order of 12 February 1897. Obverse: 39 mm silver, suspended by a straight bar. The name of the ruler in Arabic, "???" or "Abbas Hilmi the Second" and the date "1314" or 1314 A.H. = 1897 C.E. Reverse: An oval shield with the three crescents of the khedive and, behind, a trophy of arms and banners. Below, the inscription "1314 ?????" or "The reconquest of the Sudan, 1314". Ribbon: 37 mm, yellow with a broad blue central stripe. 12.5 mm yellow, 12 mm blue, 12.5 mm yellow. Said to symbolize the Nile River flowing through the desert.

  57. Khedive's Sudan Medal, 1896-1908: "Jerok" -- January-March 1904. Established: By Khedive Abbas Hilmi II in Egyptian Army Special Order of 12 February 1897. Obverse: 39 mm silver, suspended by a straight bar. The name of the ruler in Arabic, "???" or "Abbas Hilmi the Second" and the date "1314" or 1314 A.H. = 1897 C.E. Reverse: An oval shield with the three crescents of the khedive and, behind, a trophy of arms and banners. Below, the inscription "1314 ?????" or "The reconquest of the Sudan, 1314". Ribbon: 37 mm, yellow with a broad blue central stripe. 12.5 mm yellow, 12 mm blue, 12.5 mm yellow. Said to symbolize the Nile River flowing through the desert.

  58. Khedive's Sudan Medal, 1896-1908: "Nyam-Nyam" -- January-May 1905. Established: By Khedive Abbas Hilmi II in Egyptian Army Special Order of 12 February 1897. Obverse: 39 mm silver, suspended by a straight bar. The name of the ruler in Arabic, "???" or "Abbas Hilmi the Second" and the date "1314" or 1314 A.H. = 1897 C.E. Reverse: An oval shield with the three crescents of the khedive and, behind, a trophy of arms and banners. Below, the inscription "1314 ?????" or "The reconquest of the Sudan, 1314". Ribbon: 37 mm, yellow with a broad blue central stripe. 12.5 mm yellow, 12 mm blue, 12.5 mm yellow. Said to symbolize the Nile River flowing through the desert.

  59. Khedive's Sudan Medal, 1896-1908: "Talodi" -- 2-15 June 1905. Established: By Khedive Abbas Hilmi II in Egyptian Army Special Order of 12 February 1897. Obverse: 39 mm silver, suspended by a straight bar. The name of the ruler in Arabic, "???" or "Abbas Hilmi the Second" and the date "1314" or 1314 A.H. = 1897 C.E. Reverse: An oval shield with the three crescents of the khedive and, behind, a trophy of arms and banners. Below, the inscription "1314 ?????" or "The reconquest of the Sudan, 1314". Ribbon: 37 mm, yellow with a broad blue central stripe. 12.5 mm yellow, 12 mm blue, 12.5 mm yellow. Said to symbolize the Nile River flowing through the desert.

  60. Khedive's Sudan Medal, 1896-1908: "Katfia" -- April 1908. Established: By Khedive Abbas Hilmi II in Egyptian Army Special Order of 12 February 1897. Obverse: 39 mm silver, suspended by a straight bar. The name of the ruler in Arabic, "???" or "Abbas Hilmi the Second" and the date "1314" or 1314 A.H. = 1897 C.E. Reverse: An oval shield with the three crescents of the khedive and, behind, a trophy of arms and banners. Below, the inscription "1314 ?????" or "The reconquest of the Sudan, 1314". Ribbon: 37 mm, yellow with a broad blue central stripe. 12.5 mm yellow, 12 mm blue, 12.5 mm yellow. Said to symbolize the Nile River flowing through the desert.

  61. Khedive's Sudan Medal, 1896-1908: "Nyima" -- 1-21 November 1908. Established: By Khedive Abbas Hilmi II in Egyptian Army Special Order of 12 February 1897. Obverse: 39 mm silver, suspended by a straight bar. The name of the ruler in Arabic, "???" or "Abbas Hilmi the Second" and the date "1314" or 1314 A.H. = 1897 C.E. Reverse: An oval shield with the three crescents of the khedive and, behind, a trophy of arms and banners. Below, the inscription "1314 ?????" or "The reconquest of the Sudan, 1314". Ribbon: 37 mm, yellow with a broad blue central stripe. 12.5 mm yellow, 12 mm blue, 12.5 mm yellow. Said to symbolize the Nile River flowing through the desert.

  62. Sudan Medal, 1910-1917 -- No bar. No bars were awarded for the bronze medals. Established: By Khedive Abbas Hilmi II on 12 June 1911. Obverse: Silver and bronze, 36mm. The monogram of the ruler in Arabic, "???" or "Abbas Hilmi the Second" and the date "1328" or 1328 A.H.   Reverse: A lion standing on a rock inscribed "SUDAN" (in English!) with a rising sun behind and a trophy or arms below. Ribbon: 32 mm, a black moiré center with a thin red and green edge stripes (reading inward). 4.5 mm red, 3.5 mm green, 16 mm black, 3.5 mm green, 4.5 mm red. The colors are said to represent the Sudan (black), guarded by Egypt (green) and Britain (red).

  63. Sudan Medal, 1910-1917: "Atwot" -- February-April 1910. Established: By Khedive Abbas Hilmi II on 12 June 1911. Obverse: Silver, 36mm. The monogram of the ruler in Arabic, "???" or "Abbas Hilmi the Second" and the date "1328" or 1328 A.H. Reverse: A lion standing on a rock inscribed "SUDAN" (in English!) with a rising sun behind and a trophy or arms below. Ribbon: 32 mm, a black moiré center with a thin red and green edge stripes (reading inward). 4.5 mm red, 3.5 mm green, 16 mm black, 3.5 mm green, 4.5 mm red. The colors are said to represent the Sudan (black), guarded by Egypt (green) and Britain (red).

  64. Sudan Medal, 1910-1917: "S. Kordofan 1910" -- 10 November-19 December 1910. Established: By Khedive Abbas Hilmi II on 12 June 1911. Obverse: Silver, 39 mm. The monogram of the ruler in Arabic, "???" or "Abbas Hilmi the Second" and the date "1328" or 1328 A.H. Reverse: A lion standing on a rock inscribed "SUDAN" (in English!) with a rising sun behind and a trophy or arms below. Ribbon: 32 mm, a black moiré center with a thin red and green edge stripes (reading inward). 4.5 mm red, 3.5 mm green, 16 mm black, 3.5 mm green, 4.5 mm red. The colors are said to represent the Sudan (black), guarded by Egypt (green) and Britain (red).

  65. Sudan Medal, 1910-1917: "Sudan 1912" -- March 1912. Established: By Khedive Abbas Hilmi II on 12 June 1911. Obverse: Silver, 39 mm. The monogram of the ruler in Arabic, "????" or "Abbas Hilmi the Second" and the date "1328" or 1328 A.H. Reverse: A lion standing on a rock inscribed "SUDAN" (in English!) with a rising sun behind and a trophy or arms below. Ribbon: 32 mm, a black moiré center with a thin red and green edge stripes (reading inward). 4.5 mm red, 3.5 mm green, 16 mm black, 3.5 mm green, 4.5 mm red. The colors are said to represent the Sudan (black), guarded by Egypt (green) and Britain (red).

  66. Sudan Medal, 1910-1917: "Zeraf 1913-14" --  December 1913-June 1914. Established: By Khedive Abbas Hilmi II on 12 June 1911. Obverse: Silver, 39 mm. The monogram of the ruler in Arabic, "????" or "Abbas Hilmi the Second" and the date "1328" or 1328 A.H. Reverse: A lion standing on a rock inscribed "SUDAN" (in English!) with a rising sun behind and a trophy or arms below. Ribbon: 32 mm, a black moiré center with a thin red and green edge stripes (reading inward). 4.5 mm red, 3.5 mm green, 16 mm black, 3.5 mm green, 4.5 mm red. The colors are said to represent the Sudan (black), guarded by Egypt (green) and Britain (red).

  67. Sudan Medal, 1910-1917: "Mandal" -- March 1914. Established: By Khedive Abbas Hilmi II on 12 June 1911. Obverse: Silver, 39 mm. The monogram of the ruler in Arabic, "????" or "Abbas Hilmi the Second" and the date "1328" or 1328 A.H. Reverse: A lion standing on a rock inscribed "SUDAN" (in English!) with a rising sun behind and a trophy or arms below. Ribbon: 32 mm, a black moiré center with a thin red and green edge stripes (reading inward). 4.5 mm red, 3.5 mm green, 16 mm black, 3.5 mm green, 4.5 mm red. The colors are said to represent the Sudan (black), guarded by Egypt (green) and Britain (red).

  68. Sudan Medal, 1910-1917: "Miri" -- April 1915. Established: By Khedive Abbas Hilmi II on 12 June 1911. Obverse: Silver, 39 mm. The monogram of the ruler in Arabic, "????" or "Abbas Hilmi the Second" and the date "1328" or 1328 A.H. Reverse: A lion standing on a rock inscribed "SUDAN" (in English!) with a rising sun behind and a trophy or arms below. Ribbon: 32 mm, a black moiré center with a thin red and green edge stripes (reading inward). 4.5 mm red, 3.5 mm green, 16 mm black, 3.5 mm green, 4.5 mm red. The colors are said to represent the Sudan (black), guarded by Egypt (green) and Britain (red).

  69. Sudan Medal, 1910-1917: "Mongalla 1915-16" -- December 1915-14 March 1916. Established: By Khedive Abbas Hilmi II on 12 June 1911. Obverse: Silver, 39 mm. The monogram of the ruler in Arabic, "????" or "Abbas Hilmi the Second" and the date "1328" or 1328 A.H. Reverse: A lion standing on a rock inscribed "SUDAN" (in English!) with a rising sun behind and a trophy or arms below. Ribbon: 32 mm, a black moiré center with a thin red and green edge stripes (reading inward). 4.5 mm red, 3.5 mm green, 16 mm black, 3.5 mm green, 4.5 mm red. The colors are said to represent the Sudan (black), guarded by Egypt (green) and Britain (red).

  70. Sudan Medal, 1918-1922 -- No bar. Established: By Khedive Husayn Kamil. Obverse: Silver or bronze, 39 mm. The monogram of the ruler in Arabic, "???" or "????" and the date "1335" or 1335 A.H. Reverse: A lion standing on a rock inscribed "SUDAN" (in English!) with a rising sun behind and a trophy or arms below. Ribbon: 32 mm, a black moiré center with a thin red and green edge stripes (reading inward). 4.5 mm red, 3.5 mm green, 16 mm black, 3.5 mm green, 4.5 mm red. The colors are said to represent the Sudan (black), guarded by Egypt (green) and Britain (red).

  71. Sudan Medal, 1918-1922: "Darfur 1916" -- March-23 May 1916. Established: By Khedive Husayn Kamil. Obverse: Silver, 39 mm. The monogram of the ruler in Arabic, "???" or "????" and the date "1335" or 1335 A.H. Reverse: A lion standing on a rock inscribed "SUDAN" (in English!) with a rising sun behind and a trophy or arms below. Ribbon: 32 mm, a black moiré center with a thin red and green edge stripes (reading inward). 4.5 mm red, 3.5 mm green, 16 mm black, 3.5 mm green, 4.5 mm red. The colors are said to represent the Sudan (black), guarded by Egypt (green) and Britain (red).

  72. Sudan Medal, 1918-1922: "Fasher" -- 1 September-23 November 1916. Established: By Khedive Husayn Kamil. Obverse: Silver, 39 mm. The monogram of the ruler in Arabic, "???" or "????" and the date "1335" or 1335 A.H. Reverse: A lion standing on a rock inscribed "SUDAN" (in English!) with a rising sun behind and a trophy or arms below. Ribbon: 32 mm, a black moiré center with a thin red and green edge stripes (reading inward). 4.5 mm red, 3.5 mm green, 16 mm black, 3.5 mm green, 4.5 mm red. The colors are said to represent the Sudan (black), guarded by Egypt (green) and Britain (red).

  73. Sudan Medal, 1918-1922: "Lau Nuer" -- March-May 1917. Established: By Khedive Husayn Kamil. Obverse: Silver, 39 mm. The monogram of the ruler in Arabic, "????" or "????" and the date "1335" or 1335 A.H. Reverse: A lion standing on a rock inscribed "SUDAN" (in English!) with a rising sun behind and a trophy or arms below. Ribbon: 32 mm, a black moiré center with a thin red and green edge stripes (reading inward). 4.5 mm red, 3.5 mm green, 16 mm black, 3.5 mm green, 4.5 mm red. The colors are said to represent the Sudan (black), guarded by Egypt (green) and Britain (red).

  74. Sudan Medal, 1918-1922: "Nyima 1917-18" -- 2 November 1917-February 1918. Established: By Khedive Husayn Kamil. Obverse: Silver, 39 mm. The monogram of the ruler in Arabic, "????" or "????" and the date "1335" or 1335 A.H. Reverse: A lion standing on a rock inscribed "SUDAN" (in English!) with a rising sun behind and a trophy or arms below. Ribbon: 32 mm, a black moiré center with a thin red and green edge stripes (reading inward). 4.5 mm red, 3.5 mm green, 16 mm black, 3.5 mm green, 4.5 mm red. The colors are said to represent the Sudan (black), guarded by Egypt (green) and Britain (red).

  75. Sudan Medal, 1918-1922: "Atwot 1918" -- 1 January-26 May 1918. Established: By Khedive Husayn Kamil.

  76. Obverse: Silver, 39 mm. The monogram of the ruler in Arabic, "????" or "????" and the date "1335" or 1335 A.H. Reverse: A lion standing on a rock inscribed "SUDAN" (in English!) with a rising sun behind and a trophy or arms below. Ribbon: 32 mm, a black moiré center with a thin red and green edge stripes (reading inward). 4.5 mm red, 3.5 mm green, 16 mm black, 3.5 mm green, 4.5 mm red. The colors are said to represent the Sudan (black), guarded by Egypt (green) and Britain (red).

  77. Medal to Commemorate the Versailles Peace Settlement, 1919

  78. Sudan Medal, 1918-1922: "Garjak Nuer" -- December 1919-April 1920. Established: By Khedive Husayn Kamil. Obverse: Silver, 39 mm. The monogram of the ruler in Arabic, "????" or "????" and the date "1335" or 1335 A.H. Reverse: A lion standing on a rock inscribed "SUDAN" (in English!) with a rising sun behind and a trophy or arms below. Ribbon: 32 mm, a black moiré center with a thin red and green edge stripes (reading inward). 4.5 mm red, 3.5 mm green, 16 mm black, 3.5 mm green, 4.5 mm red. The colors are said to represent the Sudan (black), guarded by Egypt (green) and Britain (red).

  79. Sudan Medal, 1918-1922: "Aliab Dinka" -- 8 November 1919-May 1920. Established: By Khedive Husayn Kamil. Obverse: Silver, 39 mm. The monogram of the ruler in Arabic, "????" or "????" and the date "1335" or 1335 A.H. Reverse: A lion standing on a rock inscribed "SUDAN" (in English!) with a rising sun behind and a trophy or arms below. Ribbon: 32 mm, a black moiré center with a thin red and green edge stripes (reading inward). 4.5 mm red, 3.5 mm green, 16 mm black, 3.5 mm green, 4.5 mm red. The colors are said to represent the Sudan (black), guarded by Egypt (green) and Britain (red).

  80. Sudan Medal, 1918-1922: "Nyala" -- 26 September 1921-20 January 1922. Established: By Khedive Husayn Kamil. Obverse: Silver, 39 mm. The monogram of the ruler in Arabic, "????" or "????" and the date "1335" or 1335 A.H. Reverse: A lion standing on a rock inscribed "SUDAN" (in English!) with a rising sun behind and a trophy or arms below. Ribbon: 32 mm, a black moiré center with a thin red and green edge stripes (reading inward). 4.5 mm red, 3.5 mm green, 16 mm black, 3.5 mm green, 4.5 mm red. The colors are said to represent the Sudan (black), guarded by Egypt (green) and Britain (red).

  81. Sudan Medal, 1918-1922: "Darfur 1921" -- 26 September-22 November 1921. Established: By Khedive Husayn Kamil. Obverse: Silver, 39 mm. The monogram of the ruler in Arabic, "????" or "????" and the date "1335" or 1335 A.H. Reverse: A lion standing on a rock inscribed "SUDAN" (in English!) with a rising sun behind and a trophy or arms below. Ribbon: 32 mm, a black moiré center with a thin red and green edge stripes (reading inward). 4.5 mm red, 3.5 mm green, 16 mm black, 3.5 mm green, 4.5 mm red. The colors are said to represent the Sudan (black), guarded by Egypt (green) and Britain (red).

  82. Prince Kamal al-Din Hussein Medal

  83. Medal for the Coronation of King Faruq, 1936 -- King Faruq was crowned as "King of Egypt and Sudan, Sovereign of Nubia, of Kordofan and or Darfur" on 28 April 1936.King Faruq abdicated after the revolution on 23 July 1952 and died in Rome on 18 March 1965. Established: Manufactured by Kramer (Cairo, Egypt). Obverse: Silver, 35 mm circular medal. Facing portrait of the king wearing fez and tuxedo, below, an Arabic inscription "???" or "???". Suspended by a ring. Reverse: At top, a crown with crescent with three stars above. A five-line Arabic inscription "???" or "???". Below, "KRAMER CAIRO". Ribbon: 36 mm, black with two thin medium blue stripes. Black 4 mm, medium blue 3 mm, black 22 mm, medium blue 3 mm, black 4 mm.

  84. Badge for the Marriage of King Faruq, 1938 -- Awarded to commemorate the 28 April 1938 marriage of King Faruq to Queen Fairda (previously Safinaz Zukficar). He divorced her in November 1948, an act which contributed to growing popular opposition to his rule. Obverse: Gilt enameled, 40 x 30 mm, an ermine drapery, with crown above. In the center an enameled image of King Faruq and his bride with another crown above this circular image. Reverse: Pinback.

  85. Medalyet Falasteen / Palestine Medal -- Awarded to Egyptian armed forces personnel who served in the 1948-49 Arab-Israeli War. In 1953, with the revolution, the design of the medal was altered, with the earlier reverse being worn as the obverse of the medal. Established: 1948?, revised ???? Obverse: 36 x 45 mm, bronze, seven-sided, with unequal sides, seeming "off balance" to the left (until 1953). first variety: King Faruq facing left [not, as it has sometimes been described, Nasser!], between the Egyptian parliament building (to the right) and the Al-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem (to the left); above "Medalyet / Falasteen", or "Palestine / Medal". second variety: three soldiers, with civilians gathered around them, dated "1948-1347" or "1948-1347" (the reverse of the pre-1953 variety). Reverse: first variety: three soldiers, with civilians gathered around them, dated "1948-1347" or "1948-1347" (the obverse of the post-1953 variety). second variety: blank. Ribbon: 35 mm, equal stripes (5 mm each) of green, red, yellow, red, green. A brass lotus blossom has been observed worn on ribbon bars representing this medal, though it is unknown what this represents.

  86. Medal of Muhammad Ali -- Awarded for service 19-26 November 1949. Commemorating the centenary of Muhammad Ali. Revised under the Republic? Established: By King Faruq, November 1949, later revised and continued under the Republic. Ribbon: 1½" moiré equal stripes of red, dark green, red.

  87. Royal Guard Commemorative Medal

  88. Liberation Star (Army) -- Actually two awards are represented here, the Wisam al-Tahrir / Liberation Order for commissioned officers and the Nut al-Tahrir / Liberation Medal for other military personnel. This was awarded to all military personnel serving on 23 July 1952, when the monarchy was overthrown and the republic established. Established: 29 August 1952, revised in 1955. Ribbon: 36 mm, equal stripes (12 mm each) of red, white, black. The red is said to symbolize the revolution, the white the liberation of Egypt, and the black the corruption which was abolished. For the Liberation Order, a brass palm branch is worn on the ribbon bar when it is worn alone.

  89. Nigam al-Tahrir / Liberation Star (Police) -- Ribbon: Green moiré, bordered (reading inward) with stripes of black, white, red.

  90. Medal of the Republic -- Ribbon: A broad green center stripe with edges of dark red, the two divided by a narrow stripe of white.

  91. Nuut al-Gala'a al-'Askarii / Military Evacuation Medal -- Awarded to all armed forces personnel serving on 19 October 1954. Established: 9 March 1955. Ribbon: 37 mm, light green, with center 3 mm stripes of red (1/8") / white (3/16") / black (1/8").

  92. Nuut al-Istiqlal al-'Askarii / Military Independence Medal -- Awarded to all armed forces personnel serving on 18 June 1956. The first class was awarded to commissioned officers and military cadets, while the second class was awarded to others. Established: 16 June 1956. Ribbon: 37 mm, three approximately equal 9 mm center stripes of green, white, and green with 2 mm edge stripes (reading inward) of red, white, and black. A brass five-pointed star is worn on the ribbon bar when it is worn alone (representing first class awards?).

  93. Nuut al-Nasr /Victory Medal -- Awarded to commemorate the first anniversary of the foreign evacuation of Port Said (Egypt). The medal was presented to all members of the U.A.R. armed forces and to military students who were serving on 23 December 1958. (Also listed under Syria.) This has also been referred to as the "Order of Victory". Established: By a memorandum of the commanding general, approved 5 May 1958. Obverse: Gilt, 45 mm, an eight-pointed cross with large central medallion with eagle with enameled arms. Silver rays between the arms. Ribbon: 35 mm, five equal 6 mm stripes of red, dark green, white, dark green, red. When ribbon bars are worn, a brass five-pointed star is worn on the ribbon.

  94. Silver Anniversary of the Air Force Medal -- Awarded to all Air Force personnel on duty 2 November 1957, the twenty-fifth anniversary of the foundation of the Egyptian Air Force (in 1932)??? Established: 1957? Ribbon: 37 mm, three equal 8 mm stripes of white, each divided by a 3 mm medium green stripe; there is a 3 mm light blue stripe at each edge. When worn as a ribbon bar, a silver flying eagle is added to the ribbon.

  95. Wisam Zakri' Hiyaam al-Gomohoriyya al-'Arabiyya al-Muttahidda / Commemorative Medal of the United Arab Republic -- Awarded to all armed forces on duty on 1 February 1958, the date of the formation of the United Arab Republic. Also awarded in Syria?? Established: 18 December 1958. Ribbon: 36 mm, a 26 mm bright green center, bordered by a thin 1 mm light yellow stripe and 4 mm red edges.

  96. Army Day Commemorative Medal -- Awarded to all U.A.R. army personnel on the occasion of Army Day, celebrated on 20 October 1959. In 1974, the date was shifted to 6 October. This medal was awarded throughout the U.A.R. and is also listed under Syria . Established: By Presidential Decision No. 1851 of ??? October 1959. Ribbon: 36 mm, nine equal 4 mm stripes, five yellow-gold and four blue, yellow outwards.

  97. Miidaliyya Yom al-Bhariyya / Navy Day Commemorative Medal -- Awarded to all U.A.R. naval personnel on the occasion of Navy Day, celebrated on 11 July until 1968, when it was shifted to 21 October. (Also listed for Syria.) Established: (1958-61?) Ribbon: 36 mm, a 21 mm central stripe of deep blue, with 2 mm edge stripes of (reading inward) deep blue, white, deep blue, and white. When worn as a ribbon bar, a silver anchor is worn on the ribbon.

  98. Air Defence Forces Day Medal -- Awarded to all Air Defence Forces peronnel on the occasion of Air Defence Forces Day, 30 June. Established: 1970-1973?? Ribbon: 37 mm, light blue with red edge stripes. When worn as a ribbon bar, a brass disk bearing a SA-2 missle launcher is added to the ribbon.

  99. Silver Anniversary of the Air Force Medal

  100. Tenth Anniversary of the Revolution Medal -- Established: 1962? Ribbon: Light blue with 2 mm edge stripes (reading inward) of red, white, and black. When worn as a ribbon bar, a brass disk with the number "10" ("10") is added to the ribbon. Or the eagle of the republic???

  101. Friendship Medal for the Building of the Aswan Dam, 1964 -- Obverse: Pentagonal silver medal with rayed points. In the circular center, a depiction of the dam with a rising sun above it, high-power lines leading off to the right, and Lake Nasser behind it. Surrounding, an inscription in Arabic and Russian . Ribbon: Medium, two white stripes.

  102. Twentieth Anniversary of the Revolution -- Established: 1972? Obverse: Circular 33 mm bronze medal, in the center the eagle of the republic, surrounded by twenty stars. Above, the Arabic inscription "???" or "???" and, below, a wreath. To either side of the eagle, the dates "??? 1392 / ??? 1972" or "??? / ???". Suspended by a ring suspension. Reverse: A scene of a muscular arm holding a submachine gun and, behind, a hydroelectric dam (Aswan) and sun rising over a building on a hill (the Muhammad Ali Mosque in Cairo?). Ribbon: 36 mm, light blue with edge stripes (reading inward) of black, white, red, and central stripes of (left to right) red, white, black. Black 2½ mm, white 2 mm, red 2 mm, light blue 7 mm, red 3½ mm, white 2 mm, black 3½ mm, light blue 7 mm, red 2 mm, white 2 mm, black 2½ mm. When worn as a ribbon bar, a circular brass disk with "20" ("20") is usually added to the ribbon bar.

  103. Combat Clasp for Suez, 1973 -- A pinback badge.

  104. October 6 Memorial Medal -- Awarded to all armed forces personnel in service between 6 October 1973 and 2 February 1974. The medal can also be awarded to foreigners who actively contributed to the war effort, including combat service. Established: 19 February 1974? Ribbon: 38 mm, moire an 11 mm yellow central stripe with a central 3 mm thin blue stripe; edge stripes (reading inward) of black (1 mm) and red (11 mm). When worn as a ribbon bar, a brass disk with the number "6" ("6") is (sometimes? why?) worn on the ribbon.

  105. Nuut 25 Abril 1982 / Medal of 25 April 1982 -- Awarded to all armed forces personnel on duty on 25 April 1982, the date of the return of the last portions of the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt. Civilian employees of the armed forces also received this award. Ribbon: 37 mm, eleven equal (3.5 mm) stripes, five medium green and six white, with white on the edges.

  106. Golden Anniversary of the Air Force Medal -- Awarded to all Air Force personnel on duty 2 November 1982, the fiftieth anniversary of the formation of the Egyptian Air Force (1932). Established: 1987? Ribbon: Three equal 8 mm stripes of gold, separated by 3 mm light blue stripes, and with 3 mm light blue stripes at each edge. When worn as a ribbon bar, a gold flying eagle device is added to the ribbon.

  107. Kuwait Liberation Medal -- Awarded to armed forces personnel who served with the Egyptian contingent in Gulf War II, August 1990 to March 1991. Egyptian forces have also been known to have been awarded the Saudi Arabian Medal for Gallantry and the Kuwaiti Medal for the Liberation of Kuwait. Established: 1991. Ribbon: 36 mm, nine equal (4 mm) stripes: red, white, black, red, white, green, red, white, black. Awards: As far as can be determined, the following Egyptian participation can be traced: Egyptian Corps: 7th Mechanized Division (8th Tank Brigade, 11th Mechanized Brigade, 12 Mechanized Brigade), 4th Armoured Division (2nd Tank Brigade, 3rd Tank Brigade, 6th Mechanized Brigade), Parachute Bridage; Infantry Brigade (in U.A.E.). In total, an estimated 33,677 Egyptian trops served in the war, and suffered 11 combat deaths and 84 wounded soldiers.

  108. Good Conduct Medal -- Ribbon: Bright blue with a broad center stripe of pale orange.

  109. Medal of Exceptional Promotion -- Originally established as a ribbon only, the medal was later added. The medal is awarded to those who are granted exceptional battlefield promotions. Established: Established as the "Exceptional Promotion Ribbon" in ????, the medal was added on 9 July 1953 and revised under Law No. 6 of 1972. Obverse: Circular silver medal, 37 mm, crossed sword and baton with, above a star, the Egyptian eagle or hawk, to the sides two bars, and below chevrons (the rank insigniæ). Suspended by a ring suspender. The medal is usually named on the edge. Reverse: In the center, the Arabic inscription "Jamhuriya Misr al-Arabiya" or "The Arab Republic of Egypt", above "???" or "Exceptional Promotion Medal", and below "1373-1953", the date(s) of establishment of the medal. Ribbon: Half black, half red, 37 mm moiré. The red is worn to the recipient's left.

  110. Shooting Medal -- Ribbon: A broad white center with dark red edge stripes; each edge stripe has a central thin stripe of black.

  111. UNITED NATIONS: Operations des Nations Units au Congo (ONUC), July 1960-June 1964 -- The medal was awarded UAR service and is discussed in detail as 23.1000. It is also listed for Syria.

  112. UNITED NATIONS: United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG), April 1989-March 1990 -- Egypt provided civilian police to UNTAG.

  113. UNITED NATIONS: United Nations Angola Verification Mission, UNAVEM I, January 1989-June 1991, UNAVEM II, June 1991-February 1995, and UNAVEM III, February 1995-June 1997 -- Egypt served in UNAVEM II (III?).

  114. UNITED NATIONS: Mission des nations unies pour le referendum dans le Sahara Occidental (MINURSO), September 1991-- -- Egyptian commitment (as of 31 March 1997) was 18 observers.

  115. UNITED NATIONS: United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), March 1992-December 1995

  116. UNITED NATIONS: United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC), March 1992-September 1993

  117. UNITED NATIONS: United Nations Operations in Somalia , UNOSOM I, April 1992-April 1993, and UNOSOM II, May 1993-March 1995 -- Egypt served in both UNOSOM I and UNOSOM II.

  118. UNITED NATIONS: United Nations Operation in Mozambique (ONUMOZ), December 1992-December 1994

  119. UNITED NATIONS: United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG), August 1993-- -- On 31 March 1997, 5 Egyptian observers were assigned to UNOMIG.

  120. UNITED NATIONS: United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL), September 1993-- -- On 31 March 1997, there were 14 Egyptian observers serving with UNOMIL.

  121. UNITED NATIONS: United Nations Assistance Mission in Rwanda (UNAMIR), October 1993-March 1996

  122. IFOR/SFOR, 1995-- -- Awarded for services in Bosnia, 1995--

  123. UNITED NATIONS: Unted Nations Confidence Restoration Operation (UNCRO), March 1995-January 1996 -- To date, no medal has been issued for (UNCRO), but it is anticipated than one, in the normal UN pattern, will be forthcoming.

  124. UNITED NATIONS: United Nations Preventitive Deployment Force (UNPREDEP), March 1995-- -- On 31 March 1997, Egypt contributed 1 observer to UNPREDEP.

  125. UNITED NATIONS: United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (UNMIBH), December 1995-- -- On 31 March 1997, Egypt contributed to UNMIBH 25 police personnel.

  126. UNITED NATIONS: United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja, and Western Sirmium (UNTAES), January 1996-- -- Egyptian strength on UNTAES as of 31 March 1997 was 9 police and 4 observers.

  127. UNITED NATIONS: United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevalka (UNMOP), January 1996-- -- The Egyptian contribution to UNMOP as of 31 March 1997 was 1 observer.

  128. UNITED NATIONS: United Nations Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA), July 1997-- -- To date, no medal has been issued for the United Nations Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA), but one is expected to be forthcoming, along normal UN lines. The Egyptian contribution to MONUA, as of July 1997, was 15 police, 1 soldier, and 10 observers.

  129. Medal of the French Egyptian Institute -- Obverse: Circular silver medal, 37 mm. Head of Ramses II statue with the inscription "INSTITUT EGYPTIEN" above and Arabic inscription below "???" or "???". At botton, the date "18*59". Suepended from a ring with ornate papyrus-flower device. Reverse: Decorative sunset behind the pyramids and, above, the inscription "INSTITUTE D'EGYPTE" and on a tablet below "BONAPARTE / MONGE - JOMARD". At the bottom, the date "1798". Ribbon: Black, with red edge stripes. The ribbon bears a 15 mm silver star.

  130. CHRISTIAN CHURCH: The Most Ancient and Venerable Order of Saint Mark  -- Awarded by the Eastern Orthodox Christian Patriarchate of Alexandria for service to the church. Established: Traditionally established ca. 1596 by Patriarch Melitos I Pegas. In 1927, the order was completely reorganized by Patriarch Melitos II Metaxakis and, during World War II a fourth class (for military personnel) was added by Patriarch Christophoros II Danielidis. Obverse: Gilt Christian cross, black and bright blue enamel. In the center, a gold medallion of St. Mark's lion on a blue enameled field, surrounded by a black-enameled band with the gold Greek inscription "???" or "Blessings of the Apostle Mark" and the abbreviation for Alexandria "???" or "???". The second class adds a floreate gold design between the arms of the cross, while the first class adds elaborate gold designs on the arms of the cross. The badge is suspended by the patriachical crown in gold. The first two classes are worn from neck ribbons (or, for clerics, by chains) and the lower classes from breast ribbons. Reverse: Similar enamel to the obverse, with a plain central gold medallion. Ribbon: Blue moiré with thin black stripes toward each edge. The black is said to symbolize "the vicissitudes of this life on Earth" and the blue "the joys of the life everlasting."

IEPE Entry on Egyptian Medal Ribbons (Chris Weeks)

http://haynese.winthrop.edu/medals/egypt.html
last revised 27 September 1999
Ed Haynes